ニューレキシンに関連したタンパク質の変異によって明らかになったグリアル-ニューロン信号伝達経路
1Neuroscience Training Program and Laboratory of Genetics, 445 Henry Mall, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 26, 1999
まとめ
膠質細胞は,ドロソフィラの軸索伝導に不可欠なアクソタクチン (AXO) タンパク質を分泌する. AXOの損失は麻痺につながり,その役割が神経神経信号伝達と神経機能に強調されます.
科学分野:
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
- 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
背景:
- 膠質細胞は神経系に豊富に存在するが,神経活動におけるその正確な役割は十分に理解されていない.
- ドロソフィラのアクソタクチン (アクソ) 遺伝子は特定されていますが,その機能とタンパク質製品の役割はほとんど不明です.
研究 の 目的:
- ドロソフィラのアクソタクチン (アクソ) 遺伝子とそのタンパク質産物の機能を調査する.
- 神経細胞機能と軸索伝導におけるグリアル分泌タンパク質の役割を明らかにする.
主な方法:
- 遺伝子ノックアウト研究は,axo遺伝子のゼロ変異を生成する研究です.
- 変異性ドロソフィラのフェノタイプ分析,行動評価 (麻痺) と軸索伝導の電気生理学的記録を含む.
- タンパク質の位置を決定するための免疫局所化研究.
主要な成果:
- アクソ遺伝子は,ニューレキシンスーパーファミリーに属する分泌されたタンパク質をコードし,アクソンの経路に局限しています.
- Axoのゼロ変異は,温度感受性麻痺を引き起こした.
- 軸索伝導は,axo変異体において阻害され,観察された麻痺と相関していた.
結論:
- グリアによって分泌されるAXOタンパク質は,ドロソフィラの適切な軸索伝導に不可欠です.
- AXOは,軸索の電気的性質に影響を与える膠状神経信号伝達経路の構成要素として機能します.
- この研究は,膠質細胞が神経機能を調節する新しいメカニズムを明らかにしています.
関連する概念動画
01:12Synaptic Signaling
Neurons communicate at synapses, or junctions, to excite or inhibit the activity of other neurons or target cells, such as muscles. Synapses may be chemical or electrical.
01:00Enzyme-linked Receptors
Enzyme-linked receptors are proteins that act as both receptor and enzyme, activating multiple intracellular signals. This is a large group of receptors that include the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. Many growth factors and hormones bind to and activate the RTKs.
Neurotrophin (NT) receptors are a family of RTKs, including trkA, trkB, and trkC (tropomyosin-related kinase) receptors. TrkA is specific for nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-6, and neurotrophin-7. TrkB binds...
Neurotrophin (NT) receptors are a family of RTKs, including trkA, trkB, and trkC (tropomyosin-related kinase) receptors. TrkA is specific for nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-6, and neurotrophin-7. TrkB binds...
01:09Synaptic Signaling
Neurons communicate at synapses, or junctions, to excite or inhibit the activity of other neurons or target cells, such as muscles. Synapses may be chemical or electrical.
Most synapses are chemical, meaning an electrical impulse or action potential spurs the release of chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. The neuron sending the signal is called the presynaptic neuron, and the neuron receiving the signal is the postsynaptic neuron.
The presynaptic neuron fires an action potential that...
Most synapses are chemical, meaning an electrical impulse or action potential spurs the release of chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. The neuron sending the signal is called the presynaptic neuron, and the neuron receiving the signal is the postsynaptic neuron.
The presynaptic neuron fires an action potential that...
03:14Notch Signaling Pathway
The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not until 1985...
The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not until 1985...
02:54Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway
The gene encoding the main signaling molecules of the Wnt signaling pathways (the Wnt proteins) was discovered almost four decades ago by Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus. They identified and originally named the gene "wingless" (wg) after a phenotype discovered during their landmark genetic screen in Drosophila for body pattern defects. At around the same time, another researcher named Harold Varmus found that a murine tumor virus activates the mammalian wg homolog, Int-1, which results in tumor...
01:19Interactions Between Signaling Pathways
Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...