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Allergic Drug Reactions01:27

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...
Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions01:01

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions

Type II hypersensitivity involves IgG and IgM antibodies targeting cell surface antigens, leading to cell destruction. This can occur through complement activation, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), or acting as opsonins for phagocytosis. When excessive, these reactions cause significant tissue damage.Drug-induced hemolytic anemia is a common example, where drugs like penicillin or cephalosporins bind to red blood cells, forming drug-protein complexes. These complexes...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions01:29

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions01:19

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...

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Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Granulocyte-dependent Autoantibody-induced Skin Blistering
12:23

Granulocyte-dependent Autoantibody-induced Skin Blistering

Published on: October 12, 2012

HLA抗原とコルチコステロイド反応について

B Becker, D H Shin, P F Palmberg

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |December 24, 1976
    PubMed
    まとめ

    プライマリ・オープン・アングル・グラウコマの患者は,特定のHLA抗原の割合が高く,グルココルチコイドに対する感受性が高くなります. 彼らのリンパ球は,変容を阻害するためにより低いプレドニゾロンの投与を必要とし,免疫反応と緑内障の間の関連性を示唆しています.

    科学分野:

    • 免疫遺伝学 免疫遺伝学とは
    • オフタルモロジック (眼科)

    背景:

    • 主要開角緑内障 (POAG) は,特定のヒト白血球抗原 (HLA) タイプと関連しています.
    • グラウコマの患者は,グルココルチコイドに対する反応が変化している.

    研究 の 目的:

    • POAG患者におけるHLA抗原とグルココルチコイド反応の関連性を調査する.
    • HLA-B12抗原が眼 normotensiveおよびグラウコマトス個体におけるプレドニソロンに対するリンパ球の感受性に影響するかどうかを決定する.

    主な方法:

    • POAG患者におけるHLA抗原の有病率の比較と,正常な患者との比較.
    • フィトヘマグルーチニンに対するリンパ球変換応答の評価.
    • リンパ球変容を抑制するために必要なプレドニゾロンの濃度の定量化.

    主要な成果:

    • POAG患者におけるHLA-B12およびB7抗原の有病率の増加.
    • HLA-B12抗原 (眼性ノルモテンシブおよびグラウコマトス) の個体からのリンパ球は,フィトヘマグルチニン誘発変異を阻害するために必要なプレドニゾロンの濃度 (P < .02) を著しく低下させました.

    結論:

    • HLA-B12抗原は,リンパ球におけるグルココルチコイド反応性の増加と関連しています.

    さらに関連する動画

    Anti-Nuclear Antibody Screening Using HEp-2 Cells
    13:01

    Anti-Nuclear Antibody Screening Using HEp-2 Cells

    Published on: June 24, 2014

    Personalized Peptide Arrays for Detection of HLA Alloantibodies in Organ Transplantation
    08:07

    Personalized Peptide Arrays for Detection of HLA Alloantibodies in Organ Transplantation

    Published on: September 6, 2017

    関連する実験動画

    Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

    Granulocyte-dependent Autoantibody-induced Skin Blistering
    12:23

    Granulocyte-dependent Autoantibody-induced Skin Blistering

    Published on: October 12, 2012

    Anti-Nuclear Antibody Screening Using HEp-2 Cells
    13:01

    Anti-Nuclear Antibody Screening Using HEp-2 Cells

    Published on: June 24, 2014

    Personalized Peptide Arrays for Detection of HLA Alloantibodies in Organ Transplantation
    08:07

    Personalized Peptide Arrays for Detection of HLA Alloantibodies in Organ Transplantation

    Published on: September 6, 2017

  • この高い感受性は,原発的開角緑内障の病原性または進行に役割を果たす可能性があります.