喫煙者の間で認識される心臓病やがんのリスク
1Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass 02115, USA. ayanian@hcp.med.harvard.edu
JAMA
|March 23, 1999
まとめ
ほとんどの喫煙者は,心臓病やがんのリスクを過小評価しています. 公衆衛生の取り組みは,喫煙者にこれらの危険性について教育し,禁煙を奨励すべきである.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
- 行動科学は,行動科学である.
背景:
- 喫煙は,心血管疾患やがんによる予防可能な死亡の主な原因です.
- 喫煙者は,継続的な喫煙に伴う個人的な健康リスクを過小評価することが多い.
研究 の 目的:
- 喫煙者が心疾患やがんを発症する個人リスクをどのように捉えているかを評価する.
主な方法:
- 現在喫煙者737人を含む米国成人の3031人を対象に1995年に実施された調査では,同級生と比較して心筋梗塞 (MI) とがんのリスクが認識されていることを評価した.
- ロジスティック回帰では,人口統計学的および臨床的要因に基づいて喫煙者の間で認識されるリスクを分析しました.
主要な成果:
- 喫煙者の29%と40%だけが,それぞれ心筋梗塞やがんのリスクが平均より高いと信じていた.
- 強い喫煙者や既存の危険因子 (高血圧,胸痛) を有する人々でさえも,リスクは平均的なものだと認識することが多い.
- 高齢者,低学歴者,軽度の喫煙者は,個人リスクの増大を認識する可能性が低い.
結論:
- たばこを吸う人の大半は,たばこ関連の病気のリスクが高まっているとは思いません.
- 医療提供者および公衆衛生の専門家は,禁煙を促進するために,喫煙者に,喫煙者の健康上のリスクについて積極的に知らせるべきです.
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