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関連する概念動画

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

40.5K
The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
40.5K
G-Protein Gated Ion Channels01:21

G-Protein Gated Ion Channels

5.5K
GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision.  The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
Sensory...
5.5K
Transducer Mechanism: G Protein–Coupled Receptors01:30

Transducer Mechanism: G Protein–Coupled Receptors

9.0K
G Protein–Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) are membrane-bound receptors that transiently associate with heterotrimeric G proteins and induce an appropriate response to various stimuli. GPCRs regulate critical physiological pathways and are excellent drug targets for treating diseases such as diabetes, cancer, obesity, depression, or Alzheimer's. Nearly 35% of approved drugs implement their therapeutic effects by selectively interacting with specific GPCRs.
GPCRs are also called heptahelical,...
9.0K
Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

10.5K
The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
10.5K
Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

13.1K
Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
13.1K
Tactile and Chemical Senses01:27

Tactile and Chemical Senses

1.6K
Tactile senses encompass touch, temperature, and pain, each mediated by specific receptors. Touch receptors detect mechanical energy or pressure against the skin. Sensory fibers from these receptors enter the spinal cord and relay information to the brain stem. Here, most fibers cross over to the opposite side of the brain. The touch information then moves to the thalamus, which projects a map of the body's surface onto the somatosensory areas of the parietal lobes in the cerebral cortex.
1.6K

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関連する実験動画

Updated: May 1, 2026

Assaying Surface Expression of Chemosensory Receptors in Heterologous Cells
04:55

Assaying Surface Expression of Chemosensory Receptors in Heterologous Cells

Published on: February 24, 2011

10.2K

匂いの組み合わせ受容体コード

B Malnic1, J Hirono, T Sato

  • 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.

Cell
|March 25, 1999
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

哺乳類の嗅覚システムは,数千の匂いを識別するために組み合わせコードを使用します. 異なった組み合わせのオドラント受容体 (ORs) は,特定の匂いの分子を認識し,濃度や構造によって匂いの知覚がどのように変化するかを説明します.

さらに関連する動画

Live-cell Measurement of Odorant Receptor Activation Using a Real-time cAMP Assay
09:11

Live-cell Measurement of Odorant Receptor Activation Using a Real-time cAMP Assay

Published on: October 2, 2017

8.7K
Real-time In Vitro Monitoring of Odorant Receptor Activation by an Odorant in the Vapor Phase
09:53

Real-time In Vitro Monitoring of Odorant Receptor Activation by an Odorant in the Vapor Phase

Published on: April 23, 2019

6.5K

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: May 1, 2026

Assaying Surface Expression of Chemosensory Receptors in Heterologous Cells
04:55

Assaying Surface Expression of Chemosensory Receptors in Heterologous Cells

Published on: February 24, 2011

10.2K
Live-cell Measurement of Odorant Receptor Activation Using a Real-time cAMP Assay
09:11

Live-cell Measurement of Odorant Receptor Activation Using a Real-time cAMP Assay

Published on: October 2, 2017

8.7K
Real-time In Vitro Monitoring of Odorant Receptor Activation by an Odorant in the Vapor Phase
09:53

Real-time In Vitro Monitoring of Odorant Receptor Activation by an Odorant in the Vapor Phase

Published on: April 23, 2019

6.5K

科学分野:

  • 神経科学は神経科学である.
  • 嗅覚受容体の研究

背景:

  • 哺乳類の嗅覚システムは,何千もの揮発性化学物質を区別することができます.
  • 匂いの認識とコーディングの正確なメカニズムは,まだ完全に理解されていません.

研究 の 目的:

  • 特定のオドラント受容体 (ORs) を特定し,構造が似ているが,異なる嗅覚を持つオドラントを区別する.
  • 嗅覚知覚の基礎となるコーディング原理を解明する.

主な方法:

  • カルシウム画像を用いて,嗅覚物質への反応として神経細胞の活動を監視した.
  • 単細胞逆転写ポリメラーゼ連鎖反応 (RT-PCR) を用いて,個々の嗅覚ニューロンにおける発現した嗅覚受容体 (ORs) を特定する.

主要な成果:

  • 単一のオドラント受容体 (OR) が複数のオドラントを認識できることを実証しました.
  • 単一のオドラントが複数のORで認識されることが示されました.
  • 独特のオドラントは,ORのユニークな組み合わせによって認識され,組合せコード化スキームを示すことが確立されました.

結論:

  • 嗅覚システムは,匂いのアイデンティティをエンコードするために,組み合わせの受容体コーディング戦略を採用します.
  • 臭い物質の構造や濃度の変動により,組み合わせコードが変化し,それによって嗅覚の質が変化する可能性があります.