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ナミビアのシェルフの堆積物の中に,巨大な硫黄細菌が密集している
H N Schulz1, T Brinkhoff, T G Ferdelman
1Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstrasse, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. hschulz@mpi-bremen.de
まとめ
新しく発見された巨大硫黄細菌が,ベンゲラ流で繁栄しています.
科学分野:
- マリン・マイクロバイオロジー
- バイオジオケミストリー バイオジオケミストリー
- 海洋学 海洋学とは
背景:
- 最低酸素圏 (OMZ) は,重要な海洋地域である.
- ベンゲラ流のような上流系は,ユニークな微生物の生態系をサポートしています.
- 硫黄バクテリアは,OMZ内の栄養循環において重要な役割を果たします.
研究 の 目的:
- 新しい巨大硫黄細菌を特定し,特徴づけること.
- ベンゲラ流のOMZにおけるこの細菌の生態学的役割を理解する.
- この大きなプロカリオットの代謝能力を調査するために.
主な方法:
- 16S リボソームDNAの配列解析を基因分析のために行います.
- 顕微鏡で細胞のサイズと形態を決定する.
- バクテリアの真空中の化学組成の分析.
主要な成果:
- 巨大で球状の硫黄細菌が発見され,既知のプロカリオットより100倍も大きい.
- 系統遺伝学的分析は,海洋属のThioploca. との密接な関係を示しています.
- このバクテリアは,中央の大きな真空中に貯蔵された窒素を用いて硫化物を酸化し,濃度は800ミリモールまでになります.
結論:
- この巨大な硫黄細菌は,海洋微生物学の重要な発見を表しています.
- その大きなサイズと代謝戦略は,OMZ環境へのユニークな適応を強調しています.
- このバクテリアは,ベンゲラ流 (Benguela Current) の上流系内の硫黄循環に重要な役割を果たしている可能性が高い.
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