免疫学的シナプス:T細胞の活性化を制御する分子装置.
A Grakoui1, S K Bromley, C Sumen
1Center for Immunology and the Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
まとめ
T細胞は,抗原を区別するために,動的に免疫シナプスを形成します. シナプス内の安定した中央クラスター形成は,T細胞の増殖に不可欠であり,活発な細胞伝達メカニズムを示しています.
科学分野:
- 免疫学 免疫学とは
- 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
背景:
- 免疫シナプスは,Tリンパ球と抗原を提示する細胞の間の特殊な交差点です.
- T細胞受容体 (TCRs) の中央クラスタを特徴とし,粘着分子に囲まれています.
- T細胞の認識におけるシナプス形成のダイナミックな性質は完全に理解されていません.
研究 の 目的:
- 免疫学的シナプス形成のダイナミックなメカニズムを調査する.
- シナプス形成中にT細胞が潜在的な抗原リガンドを区別する方法を決定する.
- T細胞の増殖を開始するシナプス構造の役割を明らかにする.
主な方法:
- T細胞-APC相互作用の生細胞イメージング.
- T細胞受容体-リガンドのエンゲージメントダイナミクスの分析.
- 中央クラスター形成の定量化と,T細胞活性化との相関.
主要な成果:
- 免疫学的シナプス形成は,活発でダイナミックなプロセスです.
- T細胞受容体-リガンドのエンゲージメントは,最初は外環で発生し,中央に転位します.
- TCR-リガンド相互作用の運動学は,複合体の中央クラスターへの輸送を決定する.
- 安定した中央クラスタの形成は,T細胞増殖の決定的な決定要因である.
結論:
- T細胞は,抗原信号を区別するために免疫シナプス形成を積極的に調節します.
- 免疫シナプスのダイナミックな組み立て,特に中央クラスタは,T細胞の増殖と適応免疫応答の開始に不可欠です.
関連する概念動画
Chemical Synapses
Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules
Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
Ig-CAMs exhibit either homophilic binding (to other Ig-CAMs) or heterophilic binding (to other ligands such as integrins). While most Ig-CAMs...
Ig-CAMs exhibit either homophilic binding (to other Ig-CAMs) or heterophilic binding (to other ligands such as integrins). While most Ig-CAMs...
Chemical Synapses
Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity
An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation
The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...


