関連する実験動画
Updated: Jul 15, 2026

07:42
Live Cell Imaging during Mechanical Stretch
Published on: August 19, 2015
細胞の動きの調節は,ストレッチで活性化されたカルシウムチャネルによって媒介されます
1Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-7090, USA. jlee@uconnvm.uconn.edu
Nature
|August 4, 1999
まとめ
細胞カルシウムトランジエントは,運動中の機械的ストレスをシグナルします. ストレッチで活性化されたチャネルを含むこのメカニズムは,細胞が表面から離れるのを助け,移動を調節します.
科学分野:
- 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
- バイオフィジックス 生物物理学
- 機械生物学のメカノバイオロジー
背景:
- 細胞内カルシウム ([Ca2+]i) は,細胞の運動性,収縮力,アクチン動力学,細胞基底粘着を調節するために不可欠です.
- カルシウムは,様々な信号伝達経路における第2のメッセンジャーとして作用するが,細胞運動の全体的な調節における正確な役割は不明である.
研究 の 目的:
- 細胞内カルシウムの細胞全体の動きを調節するメカニズムを解明する.
- 細胞移動中のカルシウムトランジエントを誘発する力学的力の役割を調査する.
主な方法:
- 魚の皮質ケラトサイトの運動を研究した.
- 細胞移動中の細胞内カルシウムトランジエント ([Ca2+]i) のモニタリングは,さまざまな条件下 (例えば,基板粘着,機械的なストレッチ) で行われる.
- ストレッチで活性化されたカルシウムチャネルと細胞外カルシウム流入の役割を調査した.
主要な成果:
- 細胞内カルシウム ([Ca2+]i) の一時的な増加は,基底に一時的に固まっていたまたは機械的に伸びた角細胞でより頻繁に発生しました.
- カルシウムトランジントは,ストレッチで活性化されたカルシウムチャネルの活性化によって誘発され,細胞外カルシウム流入につながりました.
- [Ca2+]iの増加は,後部細胞縁の脱離に関連していた.
結論:
- 新しいメカニズムが特定され,細胞は,カルシウムトランジエントを介して,機械的力を検知し,生化学信号に変換する.
- このカルシウムシグナル伝達経路は,機械的ストレスに対する反応として,基板からの脱離を促進することによって,細胞の移動を調節する.
- ストレッチで活性化されたカルシウムチャネルは,機械的刺激を細胞の動きを調節する細胞反応と結びつける上で重要な役割を果たします.
関連する概念動画
Cell Motility through Blebbing
Blebs are a type of membrane protrusion formed by the internal hydrostatic pressure of the cytoplasm. Blebs are observed in several cell types, including fibroblasts, immune cells, and single-celled organisms like the amoeba. The primary function of blebs is cell locomotion and apoptosis, but they are also found during necrosis and cell division. The life cycle of a bleb comprises an initiation phase followed by the expansion and retraction phases.
Blebbing Through the Matrix
In multicellular...
Blebbing Through the Matrix
In multicellular...
Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration
Calcium is an essential signaling molecule required for various cellular functions. Calcium pumps and ion channels on cell and organellar membranes, such as those on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), regulate calcium concentrations inside the cell. They remain closed, keeping the cytosolic calcium levels low at a resting state.
Various transmembrane receptors, such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), elicit a response to extracellular signals by increasing cytosolic calcium. Activated GPCRs...
Various transmembrane receptors, such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), elicit a response to extracellular signals by increasing cytosolic calcium. Activated GPCRs...
Cell-matrix's Response to Mechanical Forces
In animal cells, the extracellular matrix allows cells within tissues to withstand external stresses and transmits signals from the outside of the cell to the inside. The extracellular matrix is extensive, and its composition varies between different types of tissues. For example, the reticular fibers and ground substance make up the ECM in loose connective tissue, while collagen and bone minerals make up the ECM of bone tissue.
Anchoring junctions mechanically attach a cell to the...
Anchoring junctions mechanically attach a cell to the...
Relaxation of Skeletal Muscles
The period of muscle contraction primarily influences the duration of stimulation at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), the presence of free calcium ions in the sarcoplasm, and the availability of energy or ATP to support contractions.
When an action potential reaches the axon terminal, it depolarizes the membrane and opens voltage-gated sodium channels. Sodium ions enter the cell, further depolarizing the presynaptic membrane. This depolarization causes voltage-gated calcium channels to open.
When an action potential reaches the axon terminal, it depolarizes the membrane and opens voltage-gated sodium channels. Sodium ions enter the cell, further depolarizing the presynaptic membrane. This depolarization causes voltage-gated calcium channels to open.
Fascicle Arrangement in Skeletal Muscles
Fascicles are bundles of muscle fibers in a skeletal muscle. Muscle fascicle arrangement is directly associated with the power and range of motion of various muscles. The configuration of these fascicles can vary, leading to different functional outcomes.
The four primary types of muscle based on fascicle arrangement are:
The four primary types of muscle based on fascicle arrangement are:
Smooth Muscle Contraction
Smooth muscle contraction is a complex process vital for various bodily functions, from maintaining blood vessel tension to facilitating the movement of food through the digestive tract. Unlike striated muscles, smooth muscle contraction begins more slowly and lasts longer.
The onset of contraction is triggered by an increase in calcium ions within the sarcoplasm, similar to the process in striated muscle. However, smooth muscles have a relatively smaller reservoir of the sarcoplasmic...
The onset of contraction is triggered by an increase in calcium ions within the sarcoplasm, similar to the process in striated muscle. However, smooth muscles have a relatively smaller reservoir of the sarcoplasmic...

