ガリレオが撮影したイオから大気中に放出される放射物の画像
P E Geissler1, A S McEwen, W Ip
1Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85711, USA. geissler@lpl.arizona.edu
まとめ
ガリレオ宇宙船のデータは,Io Ioを明らかにしています.
科学分野:
- 惑星科学は惑星科学である.
- 宇宙物理学 宇宙物理学
- 天文学 天文学
背景:
- 木星の火山の月イオは,複雑な大気現象とオーロラ現象を呈しています.
- Ioの放射を理解することは,木星のシステム相互作用を研究するために不可欠です.
研究 の 目的:
- 木星の日食の間,Ioからの拡散光学放射を分析するために.
- Ioの可視放射の構成要素と空間的分布を特徴づけるために.
主な方法:
- ガリレオ宇宙船による高解像度画像,木星によるイオの食食の間.
- 検出された光学放射のスペクトルおよび空間特性の分析.
主要な成果:
- 青色 (火山の羽根,SO2),赤色 (原子酸素),緑色 (原子ナトリウム) の3つの異なる光学放射成分を検出する.
- 青い放射は,火山の噴火から発生し,おそらく二酸化硫黄に対する電子の衝突によるものです.
- 肢に観測された赤色の放射は,潜在的に原子酸素であり,プラズマ・トーラスによって影響を受けます.
- 夜の側面に濃縮された薄い緑色の光,おそらく原子ナトリウムです.
- イオの円盤平均放射は,日食後減少したが,局所的な青い輝きは強まった.
結論:
- イオの光学放射は,火山活動と大気相互作用から発生し,多面的である.
- 観測された放射は,イオの大気組成と木星の磁気圏との相互作用についての洞察を提供します.
- ガリレオの観測は,Ioのダイナミックな光る環境の詳細な見方を提供している.
関連する概念動画
Hess's Law
There are two ways to determine the amount of heat involved in a chemical change: measure it experimentally, or calculate it from other experimentally determined enthalpy changes. Some reactions are difficult, if not impossible, to investigate and make accurate measurements for experimentally. And even when a reaction is not hard to perform or measure, it is convenient to be able to determine the heat involved in a reaction without having to perform an experiment.
Emission Spectra
When solids, liquids, or condensed gases are heated sufficiently, they radiate some of the excess energy as light. Photons produced in this manner have a range of energies, and thereby produce a continuous spectrum in which an unbroken series of wavelengths is present.
Mass Spectrum
A mass spectrum is the graphical representation of the relative abundance of the charged fragments in an analyte plotted against their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The plot's x-axis represents the ratio of the mass of the charged fragment to the number of charges it carries. The y axis of the plot represents the relative abundance of each charged species. The relative abundance is calculated from the signal intensity of each charged species recorded at the detector. The most intense signal (the...
Isochoric and Isobaric Processes
A thermodynamic process that occurs at constant volume is called an isochoric process. According to the first law of thermodynamics, heat supplied or removed from the system is partially utilized to perform work and change the internal energy of the system. However, in an isochoric process, the volume remains constant. Hence, the work done by the system is zero. Therefore, the exchange of heat changes the internal energy of the system only.
Suppose 1000 g of water is heated from 40 degrees...
Suppose 1000 g of water is heated from 40 degrees...
Variation of Atmospheric Pressure
Change in atmospheric pressure with height is particularly interesting. The decrease in atmospheric pressure with increasing altitude is due to the decreasing gravitational force per unit area as we move away from the surface of the earth.
Assuming the air temperature is constant at a given altitude and that the ideal gas law of thermodynamics describes the atmosphere to a good approximation, one can find the variation of atmospheric pressure with height.
Let p(y) be the atmospheric pressure at...
Assuming the air temperature is constant at a given altitude and that the ideal gas law of thermodynamics describes the atmosphere to a good approximation, one can find the variation of atmospheric pressure with height.
Let p(y) be the atmospheric pressure at...
Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation
In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...


