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Updated: Jul 16, 2026

Membrane Potentials, Synaptic Responses, Neuronal Circuitry, Neuromodulation and Muscle Histology Using the Crayfish: Student Laboratory Exercises
16:16

Membrane Potentials, Synaptic Responses, Neuronal Circuitry, Neuromodulation and Muscle Histology Using the Crayfish: Student Laboratory Exercises

Published on: January 18, 2011

電磁筋の伸縮は,行動する霊長類における感覚運動皮質のニューロンを強く刺激する

J R Wolpaw

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |February 2, 1979
    PubMed
    まとめ

    筋肉の伸縮は,霊長類の四肢の移動に対する皮質の反応に大きく影響する. これは,筋肉の伸縮が皮質レベルでの運動制御に重要な役割を果たしていることを示唆しています.

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    Action Potentials01:41

    Action Potentials

    Overview
    Muscle Contraction01:15

    Muscle Contraction

    Action Potential01:14

    Action Potential

    Neurons communicate by firing action potentials—the electrochemical signal that is propagated along the axon. The signal results in the release of neurotransmitters at axon terminals, thereby transmitting information to the nervous system. An action potential is a specific "all-or-none" change in membrane potential that results in a rapid spike in voltage.
    Membrane potential in neurons
    Neurons typically have a resting membrane potential of about -70 millivolts (mV). When they receive...
    Muscle Contraction01:10

    Muscle Contraction

    In skeletal muscles, acetylcholine is released by nerve terminals at the motor endplate—the point of synaptic communication between motor neurons and muscle fibers. The binding of acetylcholine to its receptors on the sarcolemma allows entry of sodium ions into the cell and triggers an action potential in the muscle cell. Thus, electrical signals from the brain are transmitted to the muscle. Subsequently, the enzyme acetylcholinesterase breaks down acetylcholine to prevent excessive muscle...
    Motor Unit Stimulation01:20

    Motor Unit Stimulation

    When the neuron of a motor unit fires an action potential, it triggers a series of events, leading to a twitch contraction in the muscle fibers. The process of excitation-contraction coupling is crucial in relaying the action potential to the muscle fibers.
    The latent period of contraction marks the onset of excitation-contraction coupling, when the action potential propagates across the sarcolemma, preparing the muscle fibers for contraction. As the fibers enter the contraction phase, the...
    Somatic Spinal Reflexes01:22

    Somatic Spinal Reflexes

    Somatic spinal reflexes are rapid, involuntary muscular responses to external stimuli that involve the somatic musculature and the spinal cord.
    One of the most well-known somatic spinal reflexes is the stretch reflex, which is activated by the sudden stretching of a muscle. This reflex involves the activation of specialized sensory receptors called muscle spindles, which are located in the muscle tissue and detect changes in the length and speed of muscle contractions. When a muscle is suddenly...