デジタル生物におけるゲノムの複雑性,強度,遺伝的相互作用
R E Lenski1, C Ofria, T C Collier
1Center for Microbial Ecology, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, USA. lenski@pilot.msu.edu
Nature
|August 24, 1999
まとめ
デジタル生物,つまり進化するコンピュータ・プログラムは,複雑な生物は変異に対してより強固であることを示しています. 変異相互作用は一般的であり,遺伝システムの一般的な特徴である適性を高めます.
科学分野:
- * コンピュータ生物学
- * 進化的コンピューティング
- * 人工生命体
背景:
- *デジタル生物 (自己複製,変異,適応するコンピュータプログラム) は,有機生命を超えた進化の原理の研究のモデルを提供します.
- * 単純なデジタル生物と複雑なデジタル生物の遺伝子構造の違いを調査することで,進化の強度と変異効果に関する一般化可能な洞察を明らかにすることができます.
研究 の 目的:
- *単純なデジタル生物 (複製のために選択された) と複雑なデジタル生物 (複製を加速する代謝報酬のために選択された) の遺伝的強さを比較する.
- * 単一および複数の突然変異がこれらのデジタル生物の健康状態に与える影響を分析する.
- * 異なるデジタル生物クラスにおける突然変異の間の相互作用の発生率と効果を決定する.
主な方法:
- * デジタル生物の2つのクラスの生成: シンプル (複製に焦点を当てた) と複合 (代謝強化).
- *数百万の単一および複数変異をデジタル生物に導入する.
- * 変異の効果とその相互作用を評価するために,生物の適性を測定する.
主要な成果:
- * 複雑なデジタル生物は,単純な生物と比較して,単一の変異の平均効果に対してより高い強度を示します.
- * 変異の間の相互作用は頻繁であり,典型的には,掛け算効果によって予測されるよりも高いフィットネスをもたらします.
- * これらの変異相互作用は,複雑なデジタル生物において特に重要である.
結論:
- * 変異相互作用は,デジタルおよび生物学的生物体の両方で観察される,遺伝的システムにおける一般的な特徴です.
- * 生物の遺伝子システムの複雑さは,その強度や突然変異の影響を左右する.
- * 発見は,進化と適応の基本的な側面として,突然変異の相互作用の普遍性を支持しています.
関連する概念動画
Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift
In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).Mechanisms of Genetic VariationThe original sources of genetic variation are mutations,...
DNA as a Genetic Template
Two structural features of the DNA molecule provide a basis for the mechanisms of heredity: the four nucleotide bases and its double-stranded nature. The Watson-Crick model of double-helical DNA structure, proposed in 1952, drew heavily upon the X-ray crystallography work of researchers Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. Watson, Crick, and Wilkins jointly received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in 1962. Franklin was, controversially, excluded from the prize for...
Genome Copying Errors
DNA replication is a well-evolved process that copies millions of base pairs with high fidelity during each cell division. Occasionally a wrong base or a long stretch of wrong bases may get added to the daughter strands. If the errors are left unchecked, cells might accumulate several mutations that might endanger their survival. Therefore, the copying errors are checked and repaired at three levels.
DNA as a Genetic Template
Two structural features of the DNA molecule provide a basis for the mechanisms of heredity: the four nucleotide bases and its double-stranded nature. The Watson-Crick model of double-helical DNA structure, proposed in 1952, drew heavily upon the X-ray crystallography work of researchers Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. Watson, Crick, and Wilkins jointly received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in 1962. Franklin was, controversially, excluded from the prize for...
Genetic Material
Within the human body, a complex and detailed system of trillions of cells works in unison to sustain life. Each cell houses a nucleus, which contains 46 chromosomes divided into 23 pairs. Chromosomes are highly coiled structures made of the genetic material DNA. These chromosomes are essential carriers of genetic information, with half inherited from the mother through her egg and the other half from the father's sperm, combining to create the unique genetic makeup of an individual.
Genetic Variation
Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
Genes exist in different versions called alleles, which...
Genes exist in different versions called alleles, which...


