海洋ペラジック生態系におけるユートロフィケーション,漁業,消費者資源のダイナミクス

Micheli¹

¹National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, Santa Barbara, CA 93101, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|August 28, 1999

まとめ

栄養素の濃縮は植物プランクトンを増強し,漁業は海洋生態系における草食動物を減少させる. しかし,これらの効果は食物網を弱め,変動性にもかかわらず,一般的な変化パターンを示します.

科学分野:

海洋生態学海洋生態学とは
エコシステムのダイナミクス
食物網の構造食物網の構造

背景:

海洋生態系は,栄養汚染や漁業などの人間の活動による世界的な変化に直面しています.
これらの活動は,資源の利用可能性と海洋食物網の構造を大幅に変化させます.

研究の目的:

海洋生態系に対する栄養濃縮と消費者の圧力による広範な影響を調査する.
これらの要因が,世界的に食品網構造とコミュニティダイナミクスにどのように影響するかを分析する.

主な方法:

栄養素と消費者を操作する47の海洋メソコスム実験のメタ分析を実施しました.
栄養素,プランクトン,魚の個体群を含む20の自然の海洋システムからタイムシリーズデータを分析した.

主要な成果:

栄養素の濃縮は一般的に植物プランクトンのバイオマスを増加させる.
肉食動物の存在は,通常,草食動物バイオマスを抑制します.
pelagic 食物網を通じて,資源と消費者の影響の両方の弱まりが観察され,弱い植物プランクトン-草食動物カップリングを示しています.

結論:

重要な環境の変動にもかかわらず,資源の利用可能性と消費者の人為的な変化は,海洋ペラジック生態系における予測可能なコミュニティレベルの変化につながります.
これらの一般的なパターンを理解することは,海洋の保全と管理に極めて重要です.

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