病気の重荷は,世界の貧しい人々の間で広がっています
D R Gwatkin1, M Guillot, P Heuveline
1International Health Policy Program and The World Bank, Washington, DC 20433, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|September 2, 1999
まとめ
世界保健の見積もりは,しばしば貧しい人々を無視している. この研究は,伝染病の減少が最も貧しい人々にとって最も有益である一方で,非伝染病の減少は,富裕層と貧困層の健康格差を拡大する可能性があることを明らかにしています.
科学分野:
- グローバル・ヘルス グローバル・ヘルス
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
- 健康経済学 医療経済学
背景:
- 世界の疾病負担の推定値は,世界の最も貧しい人々の状態を正確に反映していないことが多い.
- 非伝染性疾患は高齢者層においてますます重要になりつつあり,伝染性疾患は貧困層にとって大きな懸念事項であり続けている.
研究 の 目的:
- 世界人口の最も貧しい20%の病気の負担を,最も裕福な20%と比較して推定する.
- 異なる疾患減少シナリオの下で,これらのグループの死亡率と平均寿命の変化を予測する.
主な方法:
- 1990年の死亡者数と障害調整寿命年数 (DALYs) を推定するために,著名な世界的な疾病負担研究からの方法論を利用した.
- 伝染性疾患と非伝染性疾患に関するさまざまな仮定に基づいた,最も貧しい20%と最も豊かな20%の2020年の予測死亡率の減少.
主要な成果:
- 1990年,感染性疾患は,最も貧しい20%の死亡と障害の59%を占め,最も裕福な20%の非感染性疾患は85%を占めていました.
- 伝染病の減少は,最も貧しい人々の平均寿命を大幅に増加させ,健康格差を縮小させるだろう.
- しかし,非伝染性疾患の急速な減少は,最も裕福な人々にとって不釣り合いな恩恵をもたらし,健康格差を拡大する可能性があります.
結論:
- 現在の世界的な平均疾患負担の推定値は,世界の貧困層の健康上の課題を理解するのに不十分です.
- これらの発見は,社会経済的な格差を考慮して,標的を絞った健康介入の必要性を強調しています.
関連する概念動画
01:28International Nursing Organizations II
The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations based in Geneva. The WHO has many initiatives that center around health. Primarily, they lead global efforts to expand universal health coverage using science-based policies and programs. They are also responsible for shaping health research agendas and developing norms and standards.
The WHO provides expert team support, including funding, vaccines, testing, and treatment tools at the country level to fight...
The WHO provides expert team support, including funding, vaccines, testing, and treatment tools at the country level to fight...
01:18Factors Affecting Illness
When a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social development or spiritual functioning is compromised, this deviation from a healthy normal state is called illness. Illness creates stress that in turn harms individuals. Irritation, anger, denial, hopelessness, and fear are behavioral and emotional changes an individual experiences in the phases of illness. A variety of factors influence a person's health and well-being.
For instance, risk factors are connected to illness, disability,...
For instance, risk factors are connected to illness, disability,...
01:28Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence
Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable temporal or...
01:25Cholera
Cholera is an acute gastrointestinal disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It is transmitted primarily via the fecal-oral route through the ingestion of contaminated water or food.Vibrio cholerae is a motile, Gram-negative bacterium of the family Vibrionaceae, primarily associated with waterborne outbreaks in areas with inadequate sanitation. Although over 200 serogroups of V. cholerae exist, only O1 and O139 are responsible for epidemic cholera. The O1 serogroup,...
01:28Toxoplasmosis
Toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, poses significant public health challenges globally due to its high seroprevalence and varied clinical manifestations. As an obligate intracellular parasite, T. gondii can infect all warm-blooded vertebrates, but felids are its only definitive hosts, shedding unsporulated oocysts into the environment. Humans typically acquire the infection through ingestion of tissue cysts in undercooked meat or oocysts from...
01:12Giardiasis
Giardiasis is a globally prevalent intestinal infection caused by the protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis (also known as G. lamblia or G. intestinalis). This flagellated protozoan is the most frequently identified intestinal parasite in the United States and worldwide. Transmission primarily occurs via the fecal-oral route, with infection arising from ingestion of water or food contaminated with cysts. Individuals in low-resource settings, international travelers, outdoor enthusiasts, daycare...