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関連する概念動画

Synthetic Biology02:55

Synthetic Biology

Synthetic biology is an interdisciplinary science that involves using principles from disciplines such as engineering, molecular biology, cell biology, and systems biology. It involves remodeling existing organisms from nature or constructing completely new synthetic organisms for applications such as protein or enzyme production, bioremediation, value-added macromolecule production, and the addition of desirable traits to crops, to name a few.
Golden rice
Golden rice is a genetically modified...
ATP and Macromolecule Synthesis01:28

ATP and Macromolecule Synthesis

Biological macromolecules are organic compounds, predominantly composed of carbon atoms. The carbon atoms are covalently bonded with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and other minor elements. There are four major biological macromolecule classes: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Most macromolecules are composed of single subunits, or building blocks, called monomers. The monomers combine with each other using covalent bonds to form larger molecules known as polymers.
Conversion of...
Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA has a double-helix structure. The...
Biosynthesis in Bacteria01:24

Biosynthesis in Bacteria

Biosynthesis in bacteria is a fundamental anabolic process that generates essential macromolecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and polysaccharides. These macromolecules are critical for cellular growth, replication, and function. The process is tightly regulated and energetically linked to catabolic pathways to ensure optimal resource utilization.Biosynthetic pathways begin with precursor metabolites such as pyruvate, acetyl-CoA, and glucose-6-phosphate derived from glycolysis,...
Amino Acid Biosynthetic Pathways01:29

Amino Acid Biosynthetic Pathways

Amino acid biosynthesis is essential for cell growth, protein synthesis, and metabolic regulation. Cells generate essential and non-essential amino acids from metabolic intermediates to sustain vital biological functions. These intermediates originate from key metabolic pathways: glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and the pentose phosphate pathway. Important precursors include α-ketoglutarate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, phosphoenolpyruvate, and erythrose-4-phosphate, which provide...
Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids01:28

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acid biosynthesis is a fundamental biochemical process that produces the purine and pyrimidine nucleotides essential for DNA and RNA synthesis. This pathway maintains a balanced nucleotide pool, preventing imbalances that could jeopardize genetic integrity and cellular function. Given the crucial role of nucleotides, their synthesis is tightly regulated to ensure proper cellular homeostasis.Purine BiosynthesisThe biosynthesis of purine nucleotides begins with ribose-5-phosphate, a...

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Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Sequence-specific Labeling of Nucleic Acids and Proteins with Methyltransferases and Cofactor Analogues
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Sequence-specific Labeling of Nucleic Acids and Proteins with Methyltransferases and Cofactor Analogues

Published on: November 22, 2014

微生物におけるポリケチド合成のための新しい経路

N Funa1, Y Ohnishi, I Fujii

  • 1Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Japan.

Nature
|September 7, 1999
PubMed
まとめ

Streptomyces griseus rppA遺伝子は,植物カルコン合成酵素に似たタンパク質をコードする. この細菌酵素はポリケチドを合成し,メラニンと二次代謝産物生産に不可欠な1,3,6,8-テトラヒドロキシナフタレンを生成します.

科学分野:

  • バイオケミストリー バイオケミストリー
  • 微生物学 微生物学とは
  • 分子生物学は分子生物学である.

背景:

  • カルコン合成酵素 (CHS) は,フラボノイド生物合成における重要な植物酵素である.
  • 細菌のrppAのような遺伝子の機能は,CHSとの配列類似にもかかわらず,特徴づけられていなかった.

研究 の 目的:

  • Streptomyces griseusのrppA遺伝子産物の機能と触媒的性質を調査する.
  • 細菌酵素がカルコン合成酵素のような活性を持っているかどうかを判断する.

主な方法:

  • rppA.の遺伝子クローンとタンパク質発現.
  • マロニル-コエンザイム-Aをスタート分子として使用した酵素分析.
  • サイト・ディレクテッド・ミュータゲネシス サイト・ディレクテッド・ミュータゲネシス サイト・ディレクテッド・ミュータゲネシス サイト・ディレクテッド・ミュータゲネシス サイト・ディレクテッド・ミュータゲネシス サイト・ディレクテッド・ミュータゲネシス サイト・ディレクテッド・ミュータゲネシス サイト・ディレクテッド・ミュータゲネシス サイト・ディレクテッド・ミュータゲネシス サイト・ディレクテッド・ミュータゲネシス サイト・ディレクテッド・ミュータゲネシス サイト・ディレクテッド・ミュータゲネシス サイト・ディレクテッド・ミュータゲネシス
  • ストレプトマイセス・グライセスの遺伝子破壊 in vivo 機能を評価するために.

主要な成果:

さらに関連する動画

Using Synthetic Biology to Engineer Living Cells That Interface with Programmable Materials
10:28

Using Synthetic Biology to Engineer Living Cells That Interface with Programmable Materials

Published on: March 9, 2017

Biosynthesis of a Flavonol from a Flavanone by Establishing a One-pot Bienzymatic Cascade
09:50

Biosynthesis of a Flavonol from a Flavanone by Establishing a One-pot Bienzymatic Cascade

Published on: August 14, 2019

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Sequence-specific Labeling of Nucleic Acids and Proteins with Methyltransferases and Cofactor Analogues
12:07

Sequence-specific Labeling of Nucleic Acids and Proteins with Methyltransferases and Cofactor Analogues

Published on: November 22, 2014

Using Synthetic Biology to Engineer Living Cells That Interface with Programmable Materials
10:28

Using Synthetic Biology to Engineer Living Cells That Interface with Programmable Materials

Published on: March 9, 2017

Biosynthesis of a Flavonol from a Flavanone by Establishing a One-pot Bienzymatic Cascade
09:50

Biosynthesis of a Flavonol from a Flavanone by Establishing a One-pot Bienzymatic Cascade

Published on: August 14, 2019

  • Streptomyces griseusのRppAタンパク質はホモダイマーとして機能し,ポリケチド合成を触媒化する.
  • RppAはmalonyl-coenzyme-Aを利用し,4つの拡張を行い,1,3,6,8-tetrahydroxynaphthalene (THN) を生成する.
  • システイン残留はRppAの活性に不可欠であり,rppAの破壊はアルビノ (メラニン欠乏) のStreptomyces griseusを引き起こす.
  • THNはメラニンおよびナフトキノンを含む他の二次代謝産物バイオシンセシスの中間物質である.

結論:

  • RppAは,ポリケチド合成を担当するバクテリアのカルコネ合成関連酵素です.
  • この発見は,CHSのような酵素の分布を植物を超えて拡大する.
  • RppAは,ストレプトマイセスのメラニンおよび他の二次代謝産物の生物合成において重要な役割を果たします.