筋肉と運動の表現は,主動運動皮質にある
S Kakei1, D S Hoffman, P L Strick
1Research Service (151S), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
まとめ
主要運動皮質 (M1) のニューロンは,筋肉力と抽象的な運動方向の両方を表しています. この研究では,M1は低レベルの筋肉活動と高レベルの空間的運動経路の両方をコードしていることがわかりました.
科学分野:
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
- モーター・コントロール・コントロール
- コンピューティング神経科学
背景:
- 主要運動皮質 (M1) は,自発的な運動に不可欠です.
- M1の神経表現を理解することは,運動制御の解読の鍵です.
- M1が低レベルの筋肉パラメータをコードするか,または高レベルの運動パラメータをコードするかどうかについては議論があります.
研究 の 目的:
- 主要運動皮質 (M1) のニューロンが筋肉の力または抽象的な運動パラメータをコードしているかどうかを調査する.
- 筋肉の活動,関節の方向,およびM1.の空間的運動方向を分離するために.
- 手首の動き中のM1における神経表現の性質を決定する.
主な方法:
- M1におけるニューロンの活動は,手首の特殊な動きを行うサルから記録された.
- このタスクは,独立して筋肉の活動,手首の関節の方向,そして空間的な動きの方向を変化させるように設計された.
- 分析は,これらの3つの運動変数との神経発火率の相関に焦点を当てました.
主要な成果:
- M1ニューロンの有意な部分 (28/88) は,筋肉力に関連する活動パターンを示した.
- より大きな割合のM1ニューロン (44/88) は,特定の筋肉の活性化に関係なく,移動の空間的方向と相関する活性を示した.
- これらの発見は,M1. 1内の二重表現を示唆しています.
結論:
- 主要運動皮質 (M1) には,低レベルの筋肉パラメータと高レベルの抽象的な運動パラメータの両方をコードするニューロンが含まれています.
- M1は,それを達成するために使用される特定の筋肉のコマンドとは独立して,空間における意図された動きを表しているように見えます.
- "筋肉"と"運動"の両方がM1で強く表現されており,運動制御における複雑な役割を強調しています.
関連する概念動画
Skeletal Muscle Anatomy
Skeletal muscle is the most abundant type of muscle in the body. Tendons are the connective tissue that attaches skeletal muscle to bones. Skeletal muscles pull on tendons, which in turn pull on bones to carry out voluntary movements.
Overview of Skeletal Muscle
Skeletal muscles are composed of a bundle of muscle fibers and are attached to bones through tendons. Each skeletal muscle fiber is a single muscle cell. The sarcolemma, the plasma membrane of a skeletal muscle cell, consists of a lipid bilayer and glycocalyx that supports muscle fibers. The sarcolemma extends into the muscle cells to form tubular structures called transverse or T-tubules. Each side of the T-tubules consists of a membrane-bound structure called the sarcoplasmic reticulum,...
Papillary Dermis
Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
Papillary Layer
The papillary layer is made of loose, areolar connective tissue, which means the collagen and...
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
Papillary Layer
The papillary layer is made of loose, areolar connective tissue, which means the collagen and...
Overview of Muscle Tissues
The human body has three types of muscle tissue: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac. Each class has unique properties that enable them to perform specific functions. However, all muscle tissues share certain properties, including elasticity, contractility, and excitability.
Elasticity
Elasticity is the ability of muscles to stretch and return to their original shape. This property is partly due to elastic fibers — macromolecules that run through the muscles. These fibers are firm and resilient,...
Elasticity
Elasticity is the ability of muscles to stretch and return to their original shape. This property is partly due to elastic fibers — macromolecules that run through the muscles. These fibers are firm and resilient,...
Gross Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles
The connective tissues play a significant role in arranging the muscle fibers into a hierarchical structure that forms a complete muscle. Consider a muscle like the bicep brachii, commonly called the bicep. This muscle comprises thousands of muscle fibers enclosed by a protective layer of connective tissue called the endomysium. The endomysium is primarily composed of reticular fibers, a type of thin collagen fiber. It allows the exchange of nutrients and waste products at the fiber level,...
Exercise and Muscle Performance
Exercise induces a range of adaptations in muscle tissue, depending on the type and duration of activity. Such physical training can be broadly categorized into two types: endurance exercises and resistance exercises.
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...


