新興の海洋病 - 気候の関連と人為的要因
C D Harvell1, K Kim, J M Burkholder
1Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 25, 1999
まとめ
海洋疾患の発生頻度と重症度が増加しており,サンゴや海洋哺乳類のような重要な海洋生態系に影響を与えている. 気候変動と人間の活動により,病原体の拡散が加速され,新たな流行病が発生しています.
科学分野:
- マリン・バイオロジーの海洋生物学
- エコロジー エコロジー エコロジー
- 病理学 パトロジー
背景:
- 海洋における最近の大量死は,主要な分類種に影響する病気の発生に関連している.
- サンゴや海洋哺乳類などのモニタリンググループにおける流行頻度や新型疾患の報告の増加.
- 深刻な世界的なサンゴ白化現象は,高いエルニーニョの温度と相関しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 海洋病の発生率の高まりを調査する.
- 気候変動,宿主の感受性,病気の発生との関連性を探求する.
- 病原体と宿主との相互作用における種移動の役割を理解する.
主な方法:
- 海洋生物に関する最近の疫学データのレビュー.
- 気候データ,特にエルニーニョ現象と海面温度の分析.
- ホストの移転と種の移動によって影響される病原体の伝播ダイナミクスの検討.
主要な成果:
- 病気の発生や新しい病気は,海洋生態系でますます報告されています.
- 高温などの気候媒介の生理学的ストレスは,宿主の抵抗性を損なう.
- 新しい病気は,宿主または範囲のシフトを通じて,既存の病原体からしばしば発生します.
- 気候と人間の活動によって引き起こされる,地球規模での種移動の加速は,病原体の拡散を促進している.
結論:
- 増加する海洋疾患の発生は,海洋生物多様性に対する重大な脅威です.
- 気候変動と人間の活動は,病気の発生と拡散を悪化させる主要な要因です.
- 海洋流行病の管理と緩和に際して,学際的なアプローチが不可欠です.
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