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海洋生態系における種の多様性と侵入に対する耐性
1Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, 1084 Shennecossett Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA. Academy of Natural Sciences, Estuarine Research Center, St. Leonard, MD 20685, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|November 24, 1999
まとめ
海洋無脊椎動物のコミュニティにおけるより高い種の豊かさは,異国種による侵略の成功を減少させます. これは,多様なコミュニティが限られた空間をより効果的に利用しているためであり,生物多様性の喪失が種の侵入と生態系の均質化を加速する可能性があることを強調しています.
科学分野:
- エコロジー エコロジー エコロジー
- マリン・バイオロジー マリン・バイオロジー
- 侵襲性種の研究 侵襲性種の研究
背景:
- 生態学理論によると,生物多様性は,侵入種に対する生態系の耐性を高めるという.
- 種の豊かさと侵入の成功との関係を確認するために,実験的検証は極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- 種多様性の増大が,異国種の侵入に対する抵抗力を与えるという仮説を実験的に検証する.
- 生物多様性と海洋生態系への侵入の成功の関係に基づくメカニズムを調査する.
主な方法:
- 沈着性海洋無脊椎動物の実験コミュニティの設立.
- これらの実験コミュニティ内の種多様性の操作.
- エキゾチックな種による侵入の成功の定量化.
主要な成果:
- 種の豊かさと,異国種の侵入の成功との間に,著しい負の相関が観察されました.
- 種に富んだコミュニティは,利用可能な空間,すなわち主要な制限資源の,より完全かつ効率的な利用を示した.
- 生物多様性の減少は,この海洋システムへの侵入を容易にすることが判明しました.
結論:
- 実験的証拠は,より高い生物多様性が侵入種に対する耐性を高めるという理論を支持しています.
- 生物多様性の減少は,外来種の侵入を促進する条件を作り出すことができます.
- この動態は,地球規模の生物多様性喪失と生態系の均質化を加速させる可能性がある.
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