認知モジュラリティと遺伝障害

S J Paterson¹, J H Brown, M K Gsödl

¹Neurocognitive Development Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College, London WC1N 1EH, UK.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|December 22, 1999

まとめ

神経心理学的モデルは,遺伝的発達障害を説明できないかもしれません. ウィリアムズ症候群の乳児は,言語が改善されながら,時間とともに数値が減少する,明確な認知発達を示します.

科学分野:

発達心理学の心理学について
神経科学は神経科学である.
遺伝学遺伝学とは

背景:

大人の神経心理学的モデルは,遺伝的発達障害を理解するためにしばしば適用されます.
既存のモデルは,幼児期または成人期における認知プロファイルが,幼児の初期状態を反映していると仮定し,モジュールは出生から無傷または障害がある.

研究の目的:

遺伝的発達障害に対する成人神経心理学的モデルの適用に挑戦する.
ウィリアムズ症候群の乳児における認知能力の発達軌道を調査する.

主な方法:

ウィリアムズ症候群と診断された乳児を対象に2つの実験が行われました.
認知的評価は,さまざまな発達段階における数値判断と言語能力に焦点を当てました.

主要な成果:

ウィリアムズ症候群では,症候群内の二重解離が観察されました.
乳児は幼児期に数値的なタスクをうまく実行したが,成人期には低下した.
対照的に,言語能力は幼児期に劣っていたが,成人期には改善した.

結論:

遺伝疾患における発達経路は複雑であり,必ずしも成人のモデルと一致することはない.
発見は,認知発達のダイナミックな相互作用を示唆し,静的な先天的なモジュラリティの仮定に挑戦しています.
この結果は,遺伝的疾患の研究における理論的および臨床的アプローチの再評価を必要とする可能性があります.

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