グレリンは,胃から成長ホルモンを放出するアサイル化ペプチドです
1Department of Biochemistry, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
Nature
|December 22, 1999
まとめ
研究者らは,ネズミの胃で新しいペプチドホルモンであるグリリンを発見した. このペプチドは,成長ホルモン (GH) の放出を刺激し,GHの分泌のための新しい調節経路を示唆します.
科学分野:
- エンドクリノロジー エンドクリノロジー
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
- 胃腸内科 胃腸内科
背景:
- 成長ホルモン分泌剤 (GHSs) は, pituitary成長ホルモン (GH) の放出を刺激する合成分子です.
- GHSsは,GHS受容体 (GHS-R) を介して作用し,G-タンパク質結合受容体であり,未知の内生リガンドを有する.
- GHS-Rのクローニングは,内生リンガンが存在することを示唆しており,これは,下垂体GHRHと分離したGH調節機構を暗示しています.
研究 の 目的:
- GHS受容体の内生リガンドを特定し,浄化する.
- この新しいリガンドの構造と機能を特徴付ける.
- 成長ホルモンの放出を調節する役割を調べるために.
主な方法:
- ネズミの胃エキスから内生リンガンドの浄化.
- ペプチドの配列決定とリガンドの構造の識別.
- GH放出活動を評価するために,in vivoおよびin vitroアッセイ.
- サイト・ディレクテッド・ミュータゲネシスにより,n-オクタノイレーションの役割を決定する.
主要な成果:
- ネズミの胃から28アミノ酸ペプチドを分離し,グレーリンと名付けた.
- グレリンは,特にGHの放出を刺激し,体内および体外の両方でGHの放出を刺激します.
- セリン3残基におけるn-オクタノイル化は,グレリンの活性に不可欠である.
- 人間のグレーリンはネズミのグレーリンと同型であり,2つのアミノ酸によって異なる.
結論:
- グレリンは,GHS受容体の内生リンガンドである.
- グレリンは,GHRHと異なる,下垂体GH放出を調節する新しい経路を表しています.
- グレリンの発見は,GHの調節と潜在的な治療用途を理解するための新しい道を開く.
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関連する概念動画
Hormonal Regulation
Hormones regulate a significant portion of digestion through activation of the neuroendocrine system. The neuroendocrine system of digestion contains many different hormones all with multiple functions that are both, directly and indirectly, involved in digestion.
Hormones Secreted by the Stomach
Enteroendocrine cells, accounting for only 1% of stomach epithelial cells, play a significant role in digestion and are classified by their digestive hormone secretions.
Each of these hormones secreted by different enteroendocrine cells plays a unique role in digestion. Here are a few examples:
Each of these hormones secreted by different enteroendocrine cells plays a unique role in digestion. Here are a few examples:
Gastric Phase of Digestion
The gastric phase of digestion begins as soon as food enters the stomach. The incoming food bolus triggers neural and hormonal mechanisms, which last approximately 3 to 4 hours. During this phase, the stomach undergoes significant changes to prepare the food for further digestion and absorption.
When food enters the stomach, it stretches the stomach walls and activates stretch receptors. This triggers local reflexes of the enteric nervous system, mediated through the myenteric plexus. These...
When food enters the stomach, it stretches the stomach walls and activates stretch receptors. This triggers local reflexes of the enteric nervous system, mediated through the myenteric plexus. These...
Gastric Emptying
Gastric emptying occurs when the stomach gradually releases chyme into the duodenum. When the stomach is distended, it triggers the release of gastrin, a hormone that promotes gastric acid secretion to aid in digestion. Additionally, stomach distension contributes to peristaltic waves that propel gastric contents toward the pyloric region. The gastroenteric reflex, on the other hand, primarily stimulates peristalsis in the intestines, facilitating the movement of contents further along the...
Regulation of Food Intake
Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists
Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by the...
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by the...
