外来診療における情報に基づいた意思決定:基本に戻る時間です
C H Braddock1, K A Edwards, N M Hasenberg
1Department of Medicine, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle 98108, USA. braddock@u.washington.edu
JAMA
|December 28, 1999
まとめ
医師と患者の共同意思決定は,通常の診察で不完全だったことが多い. 単純な決定であっても,情報に基づいた同意の重要な要素がしばしば欠けていて,コミュニケーション戦略の改善の必要性を強調しています.
科学分野:
- 臨床的意思決定 臨床的意思決定
- 患者との関わり合い
- 医療コミュニケーションについて
背景:
- 臨床実務において,患者中心のケアと共有意思決定 (SDM) に重点を置く傾向が高まっている.
- 医師が日常のオフィス環境でSDMをどのように実装するかについての理解は限られています.
- 患者の日常的な臨床面接への関与の程度を評価する必要がある.
研究 の 目的:
- 情報に基づいた意思決定プロセスの完全性と性質を評価する.
- プライマリケア医師と外科医の間でこれらのプロセスを比較するために.
- 通常のオフィス訪問における意思決定を分析する.
主な方法:
- 主治医59名,外科医65名による診療所訪問の音声録画1057件を対象とした横断研究.
- 決定の複雑性 (基本的,中間的,複合的) に適合した基準を用いて,3552件の臨床決定の分析.
- 評価は,介入の議論や患者の理解の評価など,情報に基づいた意思決定の要素に焦点を当てました.
主要な成果:
- 完全に情報に基づいた意思決定のための基準を満たしたすべての臨床決定のうち,わずか9.0%でした.
- 完全性は複雑さによって異なります:基本的な決定は17.2%,中間的な決定は0%,複雑な決定は0.5%です.
- 介入の性質についての議論は一般的であった (71%),しかし,患者の理解の評価は稀であった (1.5%).
結論:
- 診療室での日常的な診療における情報に基づいた意思決定は,プライマリケア医師と外科医の両方にとって,しばしば不完全である.
- 意思決定の基準が複雑性に調整された場合でも,欠陥は残ります.
- 臨床実務において,情報に基づいた意思決定を促進する戦略を実装する必要性は明らかである.
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