導入されたハエの大きさにおける地理的な斜面の急速な進化
R B Huey1, G W Gilchrist, M L Carlson
1Department of Zoology, University of Washington, Box 351800, Seattle, WA 98195-1800, USA. hueyrb@u.washington.edu
まとめ
フルーツ・フライ (Drosophila subobscura) は,北米で20年以内に予測可能な翼の長さの減少を進化させ,その祖先の旧世界パターンを反映した. しかし,この進化を牽引する特定の翼部分は異なっており,偶然の進化の経路を示しています.
科学分野:
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
- 集団遺伝学 人口遺伝学
- 仕様書 仕様書
背景:
- 侵襲的な果物ハエ,Drosophila subobscuraは,約20年前に北米に導入され,地理的な多様性の進化を研究するためのユニークなモデルを提供しています.
- オールド・ワールドの原産地域では,D. subobscuraは,緯度によって増加する翼の長さの明確な傾きを示しています.
- 導入から10年後の北米での初期研究では,翼の長さの有意な減少は認められなかった.
研究 の 目的:
- 新たに導入された種における進化の速度と予測可能性を調査する.
- 翼の長さの地理的な傾きが,北米のDrosophila subobscura.の集団で進化しているかどうかを判断する.
- 進化したクラインを,旧世界の人口の祖先のクラインと比較するために.
主な方法:
- 北米の個体群における翼長の変化を20年以上にわたってモニタリングした.
- 発達したクラインを,旧世界の人口の既存のデータと比較する.
- クリナル変異に対する異なる翼断面の貢献を分析する.
主要な成果:
- 翼の長さの重要な地理的な傾きは,北米で20年以内に進化しました.
- 進化したクラインは,旧世界で見られた祖先のクラインと大きく収束した.
- 大陸規模の形態学的進化の速度は,例外的に急速であった.
- 異なる翼のセクションは,新世界と旧世界のクリンに寄与し,偶然の進化を示しています.
結論:
- Drosophila subobscuraの翼長における地理的な変化の進化は予測可能である.
- 特定の進化の経路 (すなわち,どの翼の断面が変化するか) は偶然である.
- 導入された種では大陸規模での急速な進化が可能である.
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