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Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Quantification of the Abundance and Charging Levels of Transfer RNAs in Escherichia coli
10:34

Quantification of the Abundance and Charging Levels of Transfer RNAs in Escherichia coli

Published on: August 22, 2017

2つのアミノアシル-tRNA合成酵素活性を持つ1つのポリペプチド

C Stathopoulos1, T Li, R Longman

  • 1Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8114, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|January 22, 2000
PubMed
まとめ

ある種の古生物には,タンパク質合成のための特定の酵素が欠けている. 研究者らは,プロリル-tRNA合成酵素である1つの酵素がプロリル-tRNAとシステニル-tRNAの両方を生成でき,酵素特異性に関する考え方に挑戦することがわかった.

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Nucleic acids02:43

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The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes, the...
Nucleic Acids02:43

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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
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Each of these chemical modifications is carried by a specific enzyme, post-transcription. All of these enzymes have unique base and site-specificity. Methylation, the most common chemical modification, is carried by at least nine different enzymes, with...
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Transfer RNA Synthesis02:36

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One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
Each of these chemical modifications is carried by a specific enzyme, post-transcription. All of these enzymes have unique base and site-specificity. Methylation, the most common chemical modification, is carried by at least nine different enzymes, with...
tRNA Activation02:26

tRNA Activation

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are present in both eukaryotes and bacteria. Though eukaryotes have 20 different aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases to couple to 20 amino acids, many bacteria do not have genes for all of these aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Despite this, they still use all 20 amino acids to synthesize their proteins. For instance, some bacteria do not have the gene encoding the enzyme that couples glutamine with its partner tRNA. In these organisms, one enzyme adds glutamic acid to all of the...