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関連する概念動画

First Law: Particles in One-dimensional Equilibrium01:10

First Law: Particles in One-dimensional Equilibrium

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Newton's first law of motion states that a body at rest remains at rest, or if in motion, remains in motion at constant velocity, unless acted on by a net external force. It also states that there must be a cause for any change in velocity (a change in either magnitude or direction) to occur. This cause is a net external force. For example, consider what happens to an object sliding along a rough horizontal surface. The object quickly grinds to a halt, due to the net force of friction. If...
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Recall that a particle in equilibrium is one for which the external forces are balanced. Static equilibrium involves objects at rest, and dynamic equilibrium involves objects in motion without acceleration; but it is important to remember that these conditions are relative. For instance, an object may be at rest when viewed from one frame of reference, but that same object would appear to be in motion when viewed by someone moving at a constant velocity.
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

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In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis.
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Potential Due to a Magnetized Object01:24

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Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
The vector...
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Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions01:28

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An electric field suffers a discontinuity at a surface charge. Similarly, a magnetic field is discontinuous at a surface current. The perpendicular component of a magnetic field is continuous across the interface of two magnetic mediums. In contrast, its parallel component, perpendicular to the current, is discontinuous by the amount equal to the product of the vacuum permeability and the surface current. Like the scalar potential in electrostatics, the vector potential is also continuous...
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Understanding the stability of equilibrium configurations is a fundamental part of mechanical engineering. In any system, there are three distinct types of equilibrium: stable, neutral, and unstable.
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渦状物質における動的不安定性と記憶効果

Paltiel1, Zeldov, Myasoedov

  • 1Department of Condensed Matter Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel. hpalt@wis.weizmann.ac.il

Nature
|February 10, 2000
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

新しいモデルは,II型超伝導体における謎めいた渦の動きを説明している. 試料の縁の乱れた渦の相が,電流によって熱熱され,記憶効果を生み出し,異なる電流タイプの下の渦のダイナミクスを影響する方法を明らかにします.

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関連する実験動画

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科学分野:

  • 凝縮物質物理学 凝縮物質物理学
  • 超伝導性は超伝導性である.
  • マテリアルサイエンス 材料科学

背景:

  • タイプIIの超伝導体は複雑な渦巻き運動を示し,歴史依存性やAC/DC反応の違いなど,現在のモデルに異議を唱える現象がある.
  • 超伝導体の磁気流線格子 (magnetic flux line lattice) は,凝縮された物質の流動力学を研究するための調整可能なシステムである.

研究 の 目的:

  • タイプII超伝導体で観察された謎めいた渦のダイナミクスの背後にある根本的なメカニズムを解明する.
  • 歴史に依存する反応とACとDCの電流下での差分移動性を説明する一般的なモデルを開発する.

主な方法:

  • ニョウビウムディセレニド (NbSe2) の単一結晶間の電流分布を調査した.
  • 端に無秩序な渦相注入と電流駆動動的ダイナミックアニリングの競争に基づくモデルを開発しました.
  • 変化する電流条件 (AC対DCバイアス) の下で乱雑な渦系の空間的依存性を分析した.

主要な成果:

  • 乱雑な渦相注入とダイナミック・アニリングの間の競争を伴う新しいメカニズムが,観測された現象を説明しています.
  • 乱相はAC下ではサンプルのエッジに限定され,渦の動きを可能にしますが,DC下ではサンプルを支配し,ピニングを強化し,動きを防止します.
  • このモデルは,低周波ノイズ,電圧振動,履歴依存,DCバイアスによるAC応答の抑制をうまく説明しています.

結論:

  • 境界効果と乱雑な渦の相の電流誘発の化との相互作用は,複雑な渦のダイナミクスの統一された説明を提供します.
  • 乱雑な渦系システムは空間的依存を示し,適用された電流の歴史のアクティブメモリとして機能します.
  • このメカニズムは,異なる電気刺激下での渦の移動性と反応に関する,以前に相容れない観測を調和させます.