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関連する概念動画

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

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When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
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IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

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There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
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IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region01:03

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

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IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the...
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Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II01:19

Gas Chromatography: Types of Detectors-II

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In gas chromatography, different detectors are employed to meet specific analytical needs. These detectors are often categorized based on their detection mechanisms and the types of compounds they are best suited to analyze. Thermal Conductivity Detectors (TCD), Flame Ionization Detectors (FID), and Electron Capture Detectors (ECD) represent common categories, each with unique operating principles and applications. However, beyond these, several other detectors are designed for more specialized...
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Fluorescence and Phosphorescence: Instrumentation01:25

Fluorescence and Phosphorescence: Instrumentation

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Fluorometers and spectrofluorometers are two types of instruments used for measuring molecular fluorescence. These instruments differ in how they select excitation and emission wavelengths and the type of light sources they utilize. Fluorometers use absorption interference filters to choose excitation and emission wavelengths. The excitation source in a fluorometer is typically a low-pressure mercury vapor lamp that emits intense lines distributed throughout the ultraviolet and visible regions.
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Determination of Crystal Structures01:29

Determination of Crystal Structures

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In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...
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関連する実験動画

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Characterizing Far-infrared Laser Emissions and the Measurement of Their Frequencies
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Characterizing Far-infrared Laser Emissions and the Measurement of Their Frequencies

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遠赤外線の単光子検出器です.

Komiyama1, Astafiev, Antonov

  • 1Department of Basic Science, University of Tokyo, Japan. csusumu@ASone.c.u.-tokyo.ac.jp

Nature
|February 10, 2000
PubMed
まとめ

研究者らは,単一の遠赤外線光子を検出できる新しい単電子トランジスタを開発しました. この突破は前例のない感度を提供し,この重要なスペクトル領域におけるスペクトル学的研究を進めています.

科学分野:

  • スペクトル顕微鏡検査です.
  • 量子エレクトロニクス 量子エレクトロニクス
  • フォトニクス フォトニクスとは

背景:

  • 遠赤外線 (FIR) のスペクトル領域 (10ミクロン〜1ミリメートル) は,分子回転および固体/液体/ガス振動スペクトロスコーピーのために不可欠です.
  • 超伝導ボロメーターを含む現在のFIR検出技術は,単光子検出のための感度が欠如し,研究を妨げています.
  • 可視および近赤外線領域は,光倍増管で単光子カウントを達成し,FIR能力のギャップを強調しています.

研究 の 目的:

  • 単一の遠赤外線 (FIR) 光子のための非常に敏感な検出器を開発する.
  • 既存のFIR検出器の限界を克服し,このスペクトル範囲で単光子のカウントを可能にします.
  • FIR地域における新しいレベルの感度を提供することにより,スペクトロスコピク研究を強化する.

主な方法:

  • 高い磁場内の半導体量子ドットに基づいた単電子トランジスタ (SET) を利用しました.
  • 検出器を175-210ミクロン (6.0-7.1mV) の遠赤外線波長範囲で操作しました.
  • 0.1mm2.2の有効検出器面積を1ミリ秒の時間解像度で測定した光子流.

主要な成果:

  • 単一の遠赤外線光子の検出を達成しました.

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  • 前例のない感度を示し,0.1フォトン/秒のインシデントフックスを検出し,以前の値を1万倍以上上回りました.
  • 単一の吸収フォトンが量子ドットを通して10^6-10^12の電子の電流を生成する新しい検出メカニズムを観察しました.

    • 結論:

    • 開発された半導体量子ドット単電子トランジスタは,遠赤外線検出器技術の重要な進歩を表しています.
    • この新しい検出器は単光子の感度を達成し,FIRで高解像度スペクトル検査と基礎物理研究のための新しい道を開きます.
    • 非従来の検出メカニズムは,さまざまなスペクトル範囲で超敏感な光子検出への経路を提供します.