HIV-1に感染した結核患者におけるMycobacterium tuberculosisの感染性:前向きな研究
M A Espinal1, E N Peréz, J Baéz
1National Centre for Research on Maternal and Child Health, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. espinalm@who.ch
Lancet (London, England)
|February 16, 2000
まとめ
結核とHIV-1感染を有する個人は,Mycobacterium tuberculosisを家庭の接触者に感染させる可能性が低いようです. この発見は,HIV-1が存在しているときに,現在の結核の接触者追跡政策に変更は必要ないことを示唆しています.
科学分野:
- 感染症の疫学について
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
背景:
- HIV-1と肺結核の両方の感染性について,矛盾する結果があります.
- Mycobacterium tuberculosisの感染に対するHIV-1の影響を評価することは,公衆衛生戦略にとって極めて重要です.
研究 の 目的:
- Mycobacterium tuberculosisの感染性に対するヒト免疫不全ウイルス1型 (HIV-1) の影響を将来的に評価する.
- インデックス症例のHIV-1ステータスが,家庭内の結核の伝播に影響を与えているかどうかを判断する.
主な方法:
- ドミニカ共和国で前向きなコホート研究が行われました.
- 新たに肺結核と診断された患者 (HIV-1陽性およびHIV-1陰性) の家庭内の接触者を14ヶ月間追跡した.
- 結核の皮膚検査,アナージー検査,身体検査,胸部X線写真,唾液スプレーは,M結核の感染と病気を評価するために使用されました.
主要な成果:
- HIV-1陽性指数症例 (61%) とHIV-1陰性指数症例 (76%) の接触者において,結核素陽性性は著しく低かった.
- 多変量分析は,インデックスケースのHIV-1状態と接触者における結核薬反応 (OR0.52) の間の逆相関が確認された.
- 結核皮膚検査のコンバージョンは,HIV-1陽性インデックス症例と接触した人の間では,より頻度が低い.
結論:
- HIV-1陽性で結核を患っている個人は,HIV-1陰性の人と比較して,Mycobacterium tuberculosisの感染が密接な接触者に伝染しないように見える.
- 現在の結核の接触者追跡方針は,HIV-1共感染の文脈で変更する必要はありません.
関連する概念動画
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II
Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV
Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V
Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, primarily targeting the lungs and spreading through airborne transmission. Infection begins when aerosolized droplet nuclei, expelled by an individual with active TB, are inhaled by another person. These microscopic particles carry Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB. Upon reaching the alveoli, the bacilli are engulfed by alveolar macrophages. However, due to their specialized lipid-rich cell wall, these pathogens...


