食物由来の病原体カンピロバクター・ジェジュニのゲノム配列は,超変数配列を明らかにしています
J Parkhill1, B W Wren, K Mungall
1The Sanger Centre, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
Nature
|February 25, 2000
まとめ
食物伝染病とギヤン=バリ症候群の主要な原因であるカンピロバクター・ジェジュニ菌のゲノムが配列化されました. 分析により,その生存を助長する可能性がある超変数配列を含むユニークな特徴が明らかになった.
科学分野:
- 微生物学 微生物学とは
- ゲノミクスゲノミクスとは
- プロテオバクテリア,プロテオバクテリア.
背景:
- カンピロバクター・ジェジュニ (Campylobacter jejuni) は,グラム陰性で鞭状の細菌である.
- これは,世界的に細菌性食品感染性下痢疾患の主な原因です.
- C. jejuni 感染症は,ギラン・バリ症候群の最も一般的な前例です.
研究 の 目的:
- カンピロバクター・ジェジュニのゲノム配列を報告するNCTC11168.8.
- C. jejuni. のユニークなゲノム特性を特定する.
主な方法:
- C.ジェジュニの全ゲノム配列決定 NCTC11168.8.
- ゲノム配列のバイオ情報分析.
主要な成果:
- C. jejuni のゲノムは,1,641,481 塩基対の円形の染色体である.
- ゲノムは1654のタンパク質と54の安定したRNA種をコードしています.
- 注目すべき発見は,挿入/ファージ配列の欠如と,表面構造に関連する遺伝子における高変量配列 (ホモポリマー経路) の存在である.
結論:
- C. jejuni のゲノムには異常な特徴,特に超変数配列が表れています.
- ホモポリマー系における高変異率は,C. jejuniの生存戦略に決定的かもしれない.
関連する概念動画
Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes
The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance.
Genomic Diversity in Bacteria
Although bacterial genomes are much...
Genomic Diversity in Bacteria
Although bacterial genomes are much...
Stringent Response in E. coli
Bacterial growth is closely tied to nutrient availability, with cells proliferating exponentially under favorable conditions and entering a stationary phase when resources become scarce. This transition is mediated by a regulatory mechanism known as the stringent response, which allows bacteria to adapt to nutrient deprivation by modulating gene expression and metabolic activity.During nutrient scarcity, intracellular amino acid levels decline. It results in the accumulation of uncharged tRNAs...
Mutations in Microorganisms
Mutations are heritable changes in an organism’s genome involving alterations in the base sequence of DNA or RNA. These changes can influence cellular processes and phenotypic traits, potentially transforming the unaltered wild type into a mutant form. Such changes, termed forward mutations, are pivotal in shaping the genetic diversity of organisms.RNA viruses exhibit the highest mutation rates due to the absence of robust proofreading mechanisms during genome replication. In contrast,...
DNA Bacteriophages
Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria, utilizing their genetic material to hijack host cellular machinery for replication. DNA bacteriophages employ single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes. These phages exhibit diverse replication strategies and host interactions, influencing their ecological roles and applications in biotechnology and medicine.ssDNA BacteriophagesssDNA phages, with their small genomes, utilize unique strategies to...
Evolution of Microbial Genome
Microbial genome evolution is a highly dynamic process shaped by continual gene gain and loss across species and strains. This genomic flexibility allows microorganisms to adapt rapidly to environmental pressures and interactions with other organisms. Central to understanding this diversity is the distinction between the core and pan genomes.The core genome comprises the genes shared by all sampled strains of a species, representing essential functions needed for fundamental cellular processes.
Bacterial Gastroenteritis
Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid receptor...


