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関連する概念動画

The Central Dogma01:25

The Central Dogma

Overview
From DNA to Protein03:06

From DNA to Protein

The flow of genetic information in cells from DNA to mRNA to protein is described by the central dogma, which states that genes specify the sequence of mRNAs, which in turn specify the sequence of amino acids making up all proteins. The decoding of one molecule to another is performed by specific proteins and RNAs. Because the information stored in DNA is so central to cellular function, it makes intuitive sense that the cell would make mRNA copies of this information for protein synthesis...
tRNA Activation02:26

tRNA Activation

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are present in both eukaryotes and bacteria. Though eukaryotes have 20 different aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases to couple to 20 amino acids, many bacteria do not have genes for all of these aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Despite this, they still use all 20 amino acids to synthesize their proteins. For instance, some bacteria do not have the gene encoding the enzyme that couples glutamine with its partner tRNA. In these organisms, one enzyme adds glutamic acid to all of the...
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
tRNA Activation02:26

tRNA Activation

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are present in both eukaryotes and bacteria. Though eukaryotes have 20 different aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases to couple to 20 amino acids, many bacteria do not have genes for all of these aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Despite this, they still use all 20 amino acids to synthesize their proteins. For instance, some bacteria do not have the gene encoding the enzyme that couples glutamine with its partner tRNA. In these organisms, one enzyme adds glutamic acid to all of the...

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Isolation of Translating Ribosomes Containing Peptidyl-tRNAs for Functional and Structural Analyses
11:19

Isolation of Translating Ribosomes Containing Peptidyl-tRNAs for Functional and Structural Analyses

Published on: February 26, 2011

トリペプチド"アンチコドン"は,メッセンジャーRNAのコドンを止め,解読する.

K Ito1, M Uno, Y Nakamura

  • 1Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan.

Nature
|February 25, 2000
PubMed
まとめ

バクテリアの放出因子 (RF1とRF2) は,特定のアミノ酸トリペプチドを通してストップコドンを認識します. これらのトリペプチドは,tRNAアンチコドンと同様に,ストップコドン塩基を解読し,正確なタンパク質合成終了を保証します.

科学分野:

  • 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
  • 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
  • バイオケミストリー バイオケミストリー

背景:

  • プロカリオットトランスレーション解放因子 RF1とRF2はポリペプチド合成を終了する.
  • RF1はUAG/UAAを認識し,RF2はUGA/UAAのストップコドンを認識する.
  • これらの因子が同一のストップコドンと非同一のストップコドンを読み取るメカニズムは不明のままである.

研究 の 目的:

  • プロカリオット放出因子によるストップコドン認識の分子基礎を解明する.
  • 放出因子特異性に関与する特定のドメインとアミノ酸配列を特定する.

主な方法:

  • 交換された保存ドメインを持つRF1-RF2ハイブリッドリリースファクターの構築.
  • 遺伝的選択は,特異性を決定するドメインの機能的変異を特定するために行われます.
  • 浄化された放出因子および停止コドン変異を用いたインビトロ放出アッセイ.
  • ベースアナログを用いたストップコドン認識の分析.

主要な成果:

  • RF1-RF2ハイブリッドにおける特定のドメインスワップにより,ストップコードンの認識特異性が変化しました.
  • トリペプチドPro-Ala-Thr (RF1) とSer-Pro-Phe (RF2) は,特異性の主要な決定因子として特定されました.

さらに関連する動画

Isolation of Ribosome Bound Nascent Polypeptides in vitro to Identify Translational Pause Sites Along mRNA
10:15

Isolation of Ribosome Bound Nascent Polypeptides in vitro to Identify Translational Pause Sites Along mRNA

Published on: July 6, 2012

De novo Identification of Actively Translated Open Reading Frames with Ribosome Profiling Data
08:23

De novo Identification of Actively Translated Open Reading Frames with Ribosome Profiling Data

Published on: February 18, 2022

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Isolation of Translating Ribosomes Containing Peptidyl-tRNAs for Functional and Structural Analyses
11:19

Isolation of Translating Ribosomes Containing Peptidyl-tRNAs for Functional and Structural Analyses

Published on: February 26, 2011

Isolation of Ribosome Bound Nascent Polypeptides in vitro to Identify Translational Pause Sites Along mRNA
10:15

Isolation of Ribosome Bound Nascent Polypeptides in vitro to Identify Translational Pause Sites Along mRNA

Published on: July 6, 2012

De novo Identification of Actively Translated Open Reading Frames with Ribosome Profiling Data
08:23

De novo Identification of Actively Translated Open Reading Frames with Ribosome Profiling Data

Published on: February 18, 2022

  • これらの三ペプチドの第1次および第3次アミノ酸は,ストップコドンの第2次および第3次ピューリン基を独立して区別する.
  • ピューリンのC2アミノ群は,グアニン (G) とアデニン (A) を区別する主な標的である可能性が高い.

    • 結論:

    • バクテリアの放出因子は,停止コドン認識のために差別トリペプチドを使用します.
    • このトリペプチドは,タンパク質ベースのものであるにもかかわらず,転送RNAにおけるアンチコドンと類似して機能します.
    • この発見は,遺伝情報の解読におけるタンパク質-RNA相互作用の新たなメカニズムを明らかにしている.