ブラックスモーカー温度に対する熱力学的な説明
1Institute of Theoretical Geophysics, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, UK. tim@itg.cam.ac.uk
Nature
|March 8, 2000
まとめ
水の非線形熱力学的性質は,より熱い海底熱源から,自然に400°Cの羽根を作り出します. これは,ブラックスモーカー温度を説明し,マグマの冷却中に安定した噴出条件を予測します.
科学分野:
- 地質化学 地質化学
- 水熱熱システム 水熱熱システム
- 流体力学 流体力学とは
背景:
- ブラックスモーカー排水温 (350°C~400°C) は,マグマ源の固化温度 ~1,200°Cより大幅に低い.
- この温度差を説明するために,水の非線形熱力学的性質が仮定されている.
研究 の 目的:
- ブラックスモーカー排水とマグマの温度差を説明する物理モデルを開発する.
- 海底熱水システムにおける水の熱力学的性質の役割を調査する.
主な方法:
- 毛細な媒体のコンベクション細胞の内部温度構造を調べました.
- 水の熱力学的性質に基づいた分析モデルを開発した.
- この現象を説明するために数値シミュレーションを使用しました.
主要な成果:
- 海底の地殻の圧力下では,熱源>500°Cから~400°Cの純粋な水柱の自然な形成を実証した.
- より高い温度は,コンベクションセルベースの水平境界層に限定されていることを確認しました.
- このモデルは,水の熱力学的性質に基づいた温度調節を分析的に説明します.
結論:
- この研究は,ブラック・スモーカー・システムにおける観測された温度差の物理的な説明を提供する.
- このモデルは,オフィオライトの高温"反応ゾーン"の存在を予測している.
- マグマ室が冷却され固まるにつれて,風口の温度が安定すると予測されています.
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