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関連する概念動画

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Active versus Passive Immunity01:31

Active versus Passive Immunity

Immunity, along with the ability to limit pathogen growth to prevent significant body tissue damage, can be gained either by (1) actively developing an immune response within the individual after exposure to a pathogen or after getting vaccinated or (2) passively transferring immune components from an immune individual to one who is nonimmune. Both these forms of immunity can be found naturally and in medical practices.
Active Immunity
Active immunity refers to the resistance one develops...
Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...

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関連する実験動画

Updated: May 12, 2026

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels
05:31

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels

Published on: August 7, 2017

米国の子供たちの間で追加予防接種を行いました.

S M Feikema1, R M Klevens, M L Washington

  • 1Medical Management Department, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, GA, USA.

JAMA
|March 14, 2000
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

追加の予防接種,または推奨スケジュールを上回るワクチンの投与量は,子供の21%に影響し,年間数百万ドルの費用がかかります. 記録管理の改善は,不必要なワクチン接種量を減らすのに役立ちます.

さらに関連する動画

Opsono-Adherence Assay to Evaluate Functional Antibodies in Vaccine Development Against Bacillus anthracis and Other Encapsulated Pathogens
13:47

Opsono-Adherence Assay to Evaluate Functional Antibodies in Vaccine Development Against Bacillus anthracis and Other Encapsulated Pathogens

Published on: May 19, 2020

Detection of Polyfunctional T Cells in Children Vaccinated with Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine via the Flow Cytometry Technique
09:37

Detection of Polyfunctional T Cells in Children Vaccinated with Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine via the Flow Cytometry Technique

Published on: September 23, 2022

関連する実験動画

Last Updated: May 12, 2026

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels
05:31

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels

Published on: August 7, 2017

Opsono-Adherence Assay to Evaluate Functional Antibodies in Vaccine Development Against Bacillus anthracis and Other Encapsulated Pathogens
13:47

Opsono-Adherence Assay to Evaluate Functional Antibodies in Vaccine Development Against Bacillus anthracis and Other Encapsulated Pathogens

Published on: May 19, 2020

Detection of Polyfunctional T Cells in Children Vaccinated with Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine via the Flow Cytometry Technique
09:37

Detection of Polyfunctional T Cells in Children Vaccinated with Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine via the Flow Cytometry Technique

Published on: September 23, 2022

科学分野:

  • 小児の健康に関する小児保健
  • 公共衛生政策 公共衛生政策
  • 予防接種の実践について

背景:

  • 推奨スケジュールを上回るワクチンの用量として定義されるエクストラ免疫は,よく理解されていません.
  • 免疫外接種の公衆衛生上の影響については,さらなる調査が必要である.

研究 の 目的:

  • 子どものエクストラ免疫化の発生率と経済的コストを定量化する.
  • 余分な免疫接種を受けることに関連した要因を特定する.

主な方法:

  • 1997年の米国全国予防接種調査データ分析.
  • 19〜35ヶ月の32,742人の子どもを対象に,医療従事者からのワクチン接種履歴があり,22,806.6人の子どもを対象に実施した.
  • 国民の人口を表すための加重された推定値です.

主要な成果:

  • ポリオウイルスワクチン接種は,最も高いエクストラ免疫化率 (14.1%) を記録した.
  • 全体的に,子供の21%が少なくとも1回の追加ワクチン接種を受け,31%が推奨量より少ない接種を受けた.
  • 複数の予防接種提供者を持つことは,免疫外接種の可能性を大幅に増加させた (OR 2.8).
  • エクストラ予防接種の年間費用は2650万ドルと推定された.

結論:

  • 余分な予防接種は大きな経済的負担を伴う.
  • 免疫過剰を減らすための戦略は,免疫不足に対する努力を損なうべきではない.
  • 強化された予防接種記録管理とデータ共有は,不必要なワクチンの用量を最小限に抑えるために極めて重要です.