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関連する概念動画

Classification of Skeletal Muscle Relaxants01:28

Classification of Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

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Skeletal muscle relaxants are a group of drugs that can reduce muscle stiffness and induce temporary paralysis to relieve pain. These agents can act centrally to reduce muscle tone or spasms in painful conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or spinal injuries; they are called antispasmodics or spasmolytics.
Peripherally acting skeletal muscle relaxants interfere with the neurotransmission at the neuromuscular end plate to induce paralysis during...
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Spasmolytic Agents: Chemical Classification01:29

Spasmolytic Agents: Chemical Classification

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Spasmolytic agents are drugs used to alleviate muscle spasms and spasticity. They can be categorized into different chemical groups based on their mechanisms of action. Centrally acting spasmolytics primarily affect the spinal cord, while others directly target skeletal muscle cells.
A major class of centrally acting spasmolytics is the α2-agonist, such as tizanidine. These drugs bind to α2-adrenoceptors, inhibiting the release of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. They also...
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Peripherally and Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants: A Comparison01:09

Peripherally and Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants: A Comparison

5.7K
Skeletal muscle relaxants can target the central nervous system [CNS] to reduce muscle tension or act directly at the neuromuscular junction to induce temporary paralysis. These two classes of muscle relaxants are called centrally acting muscle relaxants and peripherally acting muscle relaxants. They differ in their action, mechanism, administration route, and clinical uses.
Centrally acting muscle relaxants can be further divided into spasmolytic and antispasmodic drugs. Spasmolytic...
5.7K
Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses01:24

Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants: Therapeutic Uses

1.7K
Centrally acting muscle relaxants reduce muscle tone and tension by interfering with the postsynaptic reflexes in the central nervous system.
Centrally acting drugs are classified into spasmolytic and antispasmodic drugs. Spasmolytic drugs such as baclofen, diazepam, and tizanidine inhibit spinal motor neurons and decrease muscle tone. Spasmolytic drugs are administered for severe and chronic spasms due to multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, stroke, and spinal cord and muscle injuries. However,...
1.7K
CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids01:24

CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids

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CNS stimulants, such as cocaine, amphetamines, and cannabinoids, have varying structures and mechanisms of action that lead to different therapeutic effects and side effects. Cocaine, with its molecular formula C17H21NO4, is a tropane alkaloid and a tertiary amino compound. It has two chemical forms: the hydrochloride salt and the "freebase." The former is in powder form, while the latter involves removing the hydrochloride salt to create a form that can be smoked. Cocaine exerts its...
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids01:21

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids

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Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a phytocannabinoid that primarily interacts with the CB1 receptor, a type of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) predominantly in and around the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and emetic center. THC also blocks the serotonin receptor activity in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) by inhibiting serotonin release. THC exerts its anti-emetic effects through these interactions, which are beneficial for patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Two synthetic agonists of THC,...
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Tobacco Hornworm as an Insect Model System for Cannabinoid Pre-clinical Studies
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カンナビノイドは,多発性硬化症のモデルにおいて,と震えを制御する.

D Baker1, G Pryce, J L Croxford

  • 1Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK. D.Baker@ion.ucl.ac.uk

Nature
|March 15, 2000
PubMed
まとめ

カンナビノイド受容体アゴニズムは,多発性硬化症のマウスモデルでのと震えを効果的に軽減しました. これは,内生的なカンナビノイド系が,これらの衰弱症状を制御する役割を果たしていることを示唆しています.

科学分野:

  • 神経科学は神経科学である.
  • 免疫学 免疫学とは
  • 薬理学 薬理学とは

背景:

  • 慢性再発性実験性アレルギー性脳内炎 (CREAE) は,多発性硬化症 (MS) のモデルである.
  • 多発性硬化症の患者は,震えと性に対する大麻の利点について報告していますが,証拠は主に逸話的なものです.
  • 震えとは,CREAEとMSの両方において挑戦的な症状です.

研究 の 目的:

  • CREAEマウスの震えと性に対するカンナビノイド受容体アゴニズムの治療の可能性を調査する.
  • これらの症状の制御における内生カンナビノイドシステムの役割を調査する.

主な方法:

  • カナビノイド受容体アゴニスト (R(+) -WIN 55,212 ,デルタ9 - テトラヒドロカンナビノール,メタナナミド,JWH-133をCREAEマウスに投与した.
  • カナビノイド受容体アンタゴニスト (SR141716A,SR144528) を利用して,CB1およびCB2受容体をブロックする.
  • 震えと性の改善を定量的に評価した.

主要な成果:

  • カンナビノイド受容体アゴニズムは,病気のマウスの震えとを大幅に軽減しました.
  • CB1およびCB2受容体,特にCB1の敵対性は,これらの症状を悪化させた.

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  • これらの発見は,内生カンナビノイドシステムのトニック活動が震えとを制御することを示しています.

    • 結論:

    • カンナビノイド受容体活性化は,MSにおける震えとの管理のための潜在的な治療戦略を提供します.
    • 内生カンナビノイド系は,これらの神経学的症状の調節に積極的に関与しています.
    • この研究は,MSの症状管理のための選択的カンナビノイドの評価のための基礎を提供します.