種子発達の過程で父親遺伝子の活性化が遅れている
J P Vielle-Calzada1, R Baskar, U Grossniklaus
1Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York 11724, USA.
Nature
|March 15, 2000
まとめ
アラビドプシスの種子発育では,受精時に父親のゲノムが静止されます. 父の遺伝子の活性化は後で発生し,初期の胚と内精子の発達が主に母によって制御されていることを示しています.
科学分野:
- 植物の生殖生物学 植物の生殖生物学
- 発達遺伝学 発達遺伝学
- エピジェネティクス エピジェネティクス
背景:
- 花咲く植物における母性からジゴス性への移行のタイミングは,依然としてほとんど不明である.
- 植物胚は,体細胞または微小胞から発達し,初期胚形成における母性の重要性を減少させる.
- emb30/gnomのような早期発現の胚破壊性突然変異は,母体と父体のゲノムの両方の受精後のすぐさまの活性を示唆した.
研究 の 目的:
- アラビドプシス. アラビドプシスの種子発達の初期に父親のゲノム活性化のタイミングを調査する.
- 胚形成の初期段階における父親のゲノムサイレンシングの程度を決定する.
- 植物の発達初期における母性ゲノムと父性ゲノムの役割を再評価する.
主な方法:
- アラビドプシスの種子発達の初期に20の異なる場所の間で,父から受け継がれるアレル発現の分析.
- emb30/gnom変異体に関する遺伝的研究で,その母性効果フェノタイプと父性回復性を調べました.
- 母性アレルと父性アレルの間の遺伝子発現のタイミングの比較分析.
主要な成果:
- テストされたArabidopsis loci.の種子発達の初期に,父から受け継がれるアルレルは発現しなかった.
- 後に発現する遺伝子の父性アレルは,受精後3〜4日後に活性化します.
- emb30/gnom変異は,ジゴティック死亡性と並行して,父性的に救済可能な母性効果フェノタイプを示しています.
結論:
- アラビドプシスの早期の種子と内精子の発達は,主に母子のゲノムによって制御されます.
- アラビドプシスの父性ゲノムは最初は静止され,活性化は発達のかなり後期に起こります.
- 受精後の双親のゲノム活動に関する以前の解釈は,これらの発見に基づいて改訂する必要があります.
さらに関連する動画
08:52A Seed Coat Bedding Assay to Genetically Explore In Vitro How the Endosperm Controls Seed Germination in Arabidopsis thaliana
Published on: November 10, 2013
13.2K
06:28Preparation of Intact Tissue for Microscopic Analysis of the Endosperm Cell Layer in Developing and Mature Arabidopsis Seeds
Published on: May 16, 2025
1.3K
関連する概念動画
Spermatogenesis
91.0K
Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male...
91.0K
Seed Structure and Early Development of the Sporophyte
27.7K
Seed structures are composed of a protective seed coat surrounding a plant embryo, and a food store for the developing embryo. The embryo contains the precursor tissues for leaves, stem, and roots. The endosperm and cotyledons—seed leaves—act as the food reserves for the growing embryo.
27.7K
Animal Mitochondrial Genetics
7.8K
Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
7.8K
Restarting Stalled Replication Forks
5.1K
DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
5.1K
Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance
30.2K
Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
30.2K
Gene Regulation During Sporulation
713
Sporulation is a complex developmental process that allows certain Gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis and Clostridium species, to survive extreme environmental conditions. This process is tightly regulated by a series of signaling cascades and transcriptional controls, ensuring the formation of a highly resistant endospore.Sporulation is triggered by unfavorable conditions, such as nutrient depletion, and is governed by a phosphorelay system. One of the sensor kinases, such as...
713
