化石記録を通して,絶滅から生物の回復が遅れた

J W Kirchner¹, A Weil

¹Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of California, Berkeley 94720-4767, USA. kirchner@seismo.berkeley.edu

Nature

|March 21, 2000

まとめ

絶滅後の生物多様性の回復には,およそ1000万年かかる. この回復のタイムラインは,主要な絶滅のイベントとマイナーな絶滅のイベントの両方に適用され,生態学的リバウンドの固有の限界を示唆します.

科学分野:

パレオバイオロジーの古生物学
マクロエボリューション
生物多様性のダイナミクス

背景:

以前の研究は,個々の大量絶滅の後の回復パターンに焦点を当てていた.
すべてのファネロゾイク絶滅期における回復時間の包括的な分析は欠けていた.
回復率を理解することは,長期的な生物多様性損失の評価に不可欠です.

研究の目的:

絶滅後の生物多様性の回復の一般的な速度を定量化するために.
ファネロゾイク時代の海洋化石記録全体の回復パターンを分析する.
回復時間が大量絶滅と背景絶滅の間で異なるかどうかを判断する.

主な方法:

絶滅率と起源率の相互相関を計算した.
ファネロゾイク期の海洋化石の記録全体を分析した.
大規模な大量絶滅のイベントを除去した後,相関の持続性をテストしました.

主要な成果:

絶滅率は,約1000万年後の起源率と相関する,重要な時間的な遅延を示しています.
この遅れた相関は",ビッグファイブ"の大量絶滅を排除しても一貫しています.
大量絶滅と背景絶滅の回復時間は類似しているようです.

結論:

絶滅後の地球規模の生物多様性の回復のスピードには固有の制限がある.
絶滅の出来事は,規模に関係なく,生物多様性に対して長期的な影響を及ぼします.
現在の人類による絶滅は,数百万年続く生物多様性の減少につながる可能性があります.

さらに関連する動画

07:54

Field-Based Thermal Physiology Assay: Cold Shock Recovery under Ambient Conditions

Published on: March 9, 2021

07:30

Using Archival Japanese Paper and Thermoplastic Resins to Prepare Fossils for Storage, Display, Transport, and Radiography

Published on: November 14, 2025

関連する概念動画

01:50

Threats to Biodiversity

There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...

01:07

Speciation Rates

Overview

02:17

Ecological Succession

Ecological succession is influenced by the processes of facilitation, inhibition, and toleration. Facilitation occurs when early successional species create more favorable ecological conditions for subsequent species, such as enhanced nutrient, water, or light availability. In contrast, inhibition happens when early successional species create unfavorable ecological conditions for potential successive species, such as limiting resource availability. In some cases, later successional species...

02:35

What is Evolutionary History?

Scientists record evolutionary history by analyzing fossil, morphological, and genetic data. The fossil record documents the history of life on Earth and provides evidence for evolution. However, both fossil and living organisms offer evidence that outlines Earth’s evolutionary history.

02:55

The Evidence for Evolution

Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.

02:56

The Fossil Record

The fossil record documents only a small fraction of all organisms that have ever inhabited Earth. Fossilization is a rare process, and most organisms never become fossils. Moreover, the fossil record only exhibits fossils that have been discovered. Nevertheless, sedimentary rock fossils of long-lived, abundant, hard-bodied organisms dominate the fossil record. These fossils offer valuable information, such as an organism's physical form, behavior, and age. Studying the fossil record helps...

関連する実験動画