人間の新生児やコット・トップ・タマリン猿による言語差別
F Ramus1, M D Hauser, C Miller
1Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique, l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 54 Boulevard Raspail, 75006 Paris, France. f.ramus@ucl.ac.uk
まとめ
ヒトの新生児とタマリンの類人猿は,未知の口頭言語を区別することができ,共有された聴覚処理メカニズムを示唆しています. この能力は,スピーチが逆再生されたときに失われ,一般的な霊長類の聴覚系プロセスへの依存を示します.
科学分野:
- 比較心理学とは比較心理学である.
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
- 言語学 言語学とは
背景:
- 人間の言語能力はユニークですが,その基礎となるメカニズム (専門的か共有的か) は不明です.
- 共有されたメカニズムを調査することで,人間の言語知覚の進化を明らかにすることができます.
研究 の 目的:
- 非人間霊長類が,知らない言語を区別するための知覚メカニズムを人間の新生児と共有しているかどうかを判断する.
- 初期の言語知覚における一般的聴覚プロセスの役割を探求する.
主な方法:
- 人間新生児とコット・トップ・タマリン猿の並行実験で使用された習慣化-脱習慣化手順.
- オランダ語と日本語の文の間の差別を評価する 前向きと後ろ向きにプレイした.
主要な成果:
- 人間の新生児もタマリンも,前向きにプレイするとオランダ語と日本語の文の区別に成功しました.
- 2つのグループとも,文が後ろ向きに再生されたときに言語を区別することができなかった.
- 差別的なシグナルは,前向きな処理のメカニズムを暗示する,後ろ向きのスピーチに欠けていました.
結論:
- 人間の新生児のスピーチ知覚のチューニングは,霊長類の一般的な聴覚システムプロセスに依存する可能性があります.
- 類人猿の間で言語差別に関連した聴覚処理のための共有された生物学的基礎を提案しています.
- 言語のような複雑な音を区別するために,聴覚的知覚における時間的なシーケンスの重要性を強調しています.
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