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人間とマウスの味覚受容体候補の一族
H Matsunami1, J P Montmayeur, L B Buck
1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Nature
|April 15, 2000
まとめ
研究者らは,Gタンパク質結合受容体であるTRBと呼ばれる新しい味覚受容体ファミリーを特定しました. これらのTRBは,苦い味と甘い味の検出に関与し,哺乳類の味覚系についての理解を広げている可能性が高い.
科学分野:
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
- 遺伝学 遺伝学とは
背景:
- 哺乳類の味覚は,苦味,甘味,塩味,酸味,ウマミなどの基本的な性質を感知することを含む.
- Gタンパク質結合受容体 (GPCRs) は,苦い味と甘い味の検出に関与しています.
- 既存の知識は,苦い化合物と甘い化合物の多様性を説明するために,識別された2つのGPCR以上の必要性を示唆しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 哺乳類の味覚に関与する新しい候補味覚受容体を特定する.
- 味覚受容体細胞で発現するGタンパク質結合受容体の新発見のファミリーを特徴づけること.
主な方法:
- 候補味覚受容体 (TRB) の新しいファミリーの特定.
- TRB遺伝子の位置と,既知の味の遺伝子位置 (SOAとPROP) とのリンクの分析.
- 味覚受容体細胞におけるTRB発現の確認.
主要な成果:
- GPCRスーパーファミリーのメンバーである味覚受容体Bファミリー (TRBs) の発見.
- TRBは特に味覚受容体細胞で発現する.
- 人間のTRB遺伝子は,マウスのSOAロカス (サクラソースオクタアセテート検出) とつながったPrpロカス近くに位置しています.
- TRB遺伝子は,PROP場所 (6-n-プロピル-2-チオウラシル検出) の近くにあるヒト染色体5p15に位置しています.
結論:
- TRBファミリーは,哺乳類の味覚受容体の既知のレパートリーに重要な追加を表しています.
- TRB遺伝子は,特定の苦い化合物の知覚を制御する遺伝的局所に関連して戦略的に位置しています.
- この発見は,より広い範囲の苦味と甘味の検知のための分子基盤を提供します.
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