種の多様性と生物学的侵入:地元のプロセスとコミュニティのパターンとの関連付け

J M Levine¹

¹Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. levinejm@socrates.berkeley.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|May 8, 2000

まとめ

多様性の高い生態系は,侵入種に対してより脆弱であり,従来の見解に異議を唱える. 地方の多様性だけでなく,プロパグールの供給などの要因は,カリフォルニアの沿岸システムにおける侵略パターンを駆動します.

科学分野:

エコロジーエコロジーエコロジー
侵入種生物学侵入種生物学
保護生物学の保護生物学

背景:

生態学理論によると,生物多様性の高まりは,侵入種に対する生態系の耐性を高めると考えられている.
しかし,経験的証拠は,多くの場合,ネイティブ種の多様性と異国植物侵入の間の正の相関を示しています.

研究の目的:

カリフォルニアの河岸系における先住種の多様性と,異国植物の侵入との関係を調査する.
侵攻の成功に及ぼす地域多様性の影響を他の生態学的要因から切り離す.

主な方法:

地元の植物の多様性を in situ で操作する.
侵入のダイナミクスを評価するために種子添加実験を行いました.
プロパグル供給などの多様性との空間的差異を伴う生態学的要因を分析した.

主要な成果:

最も多様な天然の植物群は,また,最も異国植物によって侵略された.
これらのパターンは,局所的なスケールでの侵略に対する多様性の本質的な否定的な影響にもかかわらず,持続しました.
小規模な種の減少は,侵略に対する耐性を低下させることが判明しました.

結論:

地域全体の侵入パターンは,多様性によって異なる生態学的要因 (例えば,プロパグル供給) によって引き起こされる.
地元の多様性によって抵抗があるかもしれませんが,大規模な要因がこの効果を覆し,より多様なコミュニティがより侵略される可能性があります.

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