飲酒運転手による児童乗客の死亡や負傷の特徴
K P Quinlan1, R D Brewer, D A Sleet
1Epidemic Intelligence Service, Epidemiology Program Office, Division of Unintential Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341-3714, USA. kaq0@cdc.gov
JAMA
|May 12, 2000
まとめ
子供の乗客の死亡や負傷は,しばしば飲酒運転手,しばしば親または介護者が関与しています. 制御不能の子供は,障害のある運転手と一緒に乗るときが最も危険です.
科学分野:
- 交通安全研究 交通安全研究
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
- 怪我の予防 怪我の予防について
背景:
- 自動車事故は,米国における子どもおよび若年 (1~24歳) の死亡の主な原因です.
- アルコールの関与は重要な要因であり,交通事故で死亡する子供の約24%に貢献しています.
研究 の 目的:
- 子供の乗客の死亡事故や,飲酒運転手に関連した怪我を伴う事故の特徴を分析する.
- 効果的な予防戦略を開発するための重要な要因を特定する.
主な方法:
- 致死率分析報告システム (FARS) と一般推定システム (GES) のデータを用いて記述的な疫学分析が行われました.
- 1985年から1996年までのデータでは,乗客の子供 (0歳から14歳までの) 死亡,そして1988年から1996年までのデータでは,乗客の非致命的な怪我を記録した.
- 結果は,年齢,血中アルコール濃度 (BAC) および運転歴を含むドライバーの特徴に基づいて調査されました.
主要な成果:
- 1985年から1996年の間,飲酒運転者が乗車中に死亡した児童乗客の死亡例は5,555件で,その64%は,子どもが障害のある運転手と一緒に乗ったときに発生し,その運転手はしばしば親の年齢 (67%) であった.
- 子供を輸送する飲酒運転手は,以前に免許証の停止 (17.1%対7.1%) や,飲酒運転 (DWI) の有罪判決 (7.9%対1.2%) を受ける可能性が高くなりました.
- 子どもの年齢とドライバーのBAC.の増加に伴い,子供の拘束装置の使用は減少しました. 飲酒運転手による事故 (1988年-1996年) で,推定14万9000人の子ども乗客が非致命的な怪我を負った.
結論:
- アルコールを飲んで乗った子供による交通事故のほとんどは,飲酒運転手と一緒に乗った,無制限の子供によるものです.
- 飲酒運転者は,通常,親または介護者年齢の成人です.
- 発見は,子供がいる場合に障害のある運転を対象とした介入の必要性を強調しています.
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