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Intermolecular Forces in Solutions02:28

Intermolecular Forces in Solutions

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The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
When the strengths of the intermolecular forces of attraction between solute and solvent species in a solution are no different than those present in the separated components, the solution is formed with no accompanying energy change. Such a solution is called an ideal solution. A mixture of ideal gases (or gases such as helium and argon,...
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Distribution of Molecular Speeds01:27

Distribution of Molecular Speeds

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The motion of molecules in a gas is random in magnitude and direction for individual molecules, but a gas of many molecules has a predictable distribution of molecular speeds. This predictable distribution of molecular speeds is known as the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. The distribution of molecular speeds in liquids is comparable to that of gases but not identical and can help to understand the phenomenon of the boiling and vapor pressure of a liquid. Consider that a molecule requires a...
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Characteristics of Fluids01:20

Characteristics of Fluids

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When a force is applied parallel to the top surface of a solid, it resists the applied force due to the internal frictional forces between the layers of the solid known as shearing resistance. However, when the force is removed, the shearing forces restore the original shape of the solid. Other deformation forces also cause temporary changes in shape if the forces are not beyond a threshold magnitude. Solids tend to retain their shape, making the study of their rest and motion easier. Beyond...
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Characteristics of Fluids01:31

Characteristics of Fluids

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Fluids differ from solids primarily in their molecular structure and stress response. Solids have tightly packed molecules with strong intermolecular forces, maintaining their shape and resisting deformation. In contrast, fluids have molecules spaced farther apart with weaker forces, allowing them to flow and deform easily.
Fluids, which include both liquids and gases, are substances that deform continuously under shearing stress. For example, water and oil are liquids with molecules that can...
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Surface Tension of Fluid01:22

Surface Tension of Fluid

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Surface tension is a fundamental property of fluids, occurring at the boundary between a liquid and a gas or between two immiscible liquids. This phenomenon arises from the cohesive forces between molecules at the fluid's surface, creating an effect similar to a stretched elastic membrane. Inside each fluid, molecules are equally attracted in all directions by neighboring molecules, but surface molecules experience a net inward force, resulting in surface tension.
Surface tension varies...
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Capillarity in Fluid01:19

Capillarity in Fluid

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Capillarity describes the movement of liquid in small spaces without external forces acting on it. The capillarity is driven by surface tension and adhesive interactions between the liquid and surrounding solid surfaces. This effect is often seen in narrow tubes, porous materials, and fine particles.
Surface tension is crucial to capillarity. It results from cohesive forces between liquid molecules at the liquid-air boundary, forming a skin that resists external forces. When the capillary tube...
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Confocal Imaging of Confined Quiescent and Flowing Colloid-polymer Mixtures
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ポリマー溶液の流れにおける弾性渦巻は,

Groisman1, Steinberg

  • 1Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.

Nature
|May 16, 2000
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

流体の不安定性の新しい形態である弾性渦巻は,低レイノルズ数であっても,粘性弾性流体で発生します. この現象は,乱流の特徴を示し,流動抵抗を大幅に増加させ,流体力学に関する新しい洞察を提供します.

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Fabricating High-viscosity Droplets using Microfluidic Capillary Device with Phase-inversion Co-flow Structure
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科学分野:

  • 流体力学 流体力学とは
  • 整形外科医 整形外科医 整形外科医
  • ポリマーサイエンスの科学

背景:

  • 乱流は,通常,ニュートン流体における高レイノルズ数と関連付けられる複雑な現象である.
  • ポリマー溶液と同様に,粘着弾性流体も,異なる流れ行動を示唆するユニークな非線形特性を持っています.
  • 非ニュートン流体における乱流の理解は,様々な産業用途において極めて重要です.

研究 の 目的:

  • 粘弾性ポリマー溶液の流動性を実験的に調査する.
  • 粘着弾性流体が低レイノルズ数で乱流を示すことができるかどうかを判断する.
  • この低レイノルズ数渦巻の特徴と結果を特徴づけること.

主な方法:

  • 粘弾性ポリマー溶液における流体流れの実験観察.
  • 速度,粘度,タンクサイズなどのパラメータが変化します.
  • 空間および時間スケールにおける流体運動の分析.
  • 流動抵抗と弾性ストレスの測定.

主要な成果:

  • 粘弾性流体の流れは不規則になり,低レイノルズ数で乱流の特徴を示します.
  • 流れ抵抗は,予想されるニュートンの流れと比較して,約20の因数で増加しました.
  • 観測された乱れは,ニュートン流体における高レイノルズ数乱れと重要な特徴を共有しています.
  • 大量のポリマー分子の伸縮は,弾性ストレスの2次元の増加につながります.

結論:

  • "弾性渦巻"と呼ばれる新しい形の渦巻は,低レイノルズ数で粘着弾性流体で実証されています.
  • 弾性渦巻は,広範なスケールの興奮と,大幅な流出抵抗の強化によって特徴付けられます.
  • この発見は,乱流に関する従来の理解に挑戦し,粘性弾性流体の独特な振る舞いを強調しています.