薬剤耐性結核に対する標準的な短期化学療法: 6カ国の治療結果
M A Espinal1, S J Kim, P G Suarez
1World Health Organization, Communicable Diseases Programme, Ave Appia #20, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. espinalm@who.ch
JAMA
|May 18, 2000
まとめ
標準的な短期化学療法は,いくつかの多剤耐性結核 (TB) 症例では不十分である. 治療の失敗と死亡率は,薬剤耐性結核患者では,感受性結核患者と比較して,著しく高かった.
科学分野:
- 公衆衛生は公衆衛生である.
- 感染症 感染症は感染症です.
- クリニカル・メディシン 臨床医学
背景:
- 多剤耐性結核 (TB) は,世界的な健康上の大きな課題となっています.
- 多剤耐性結核が,通常の結核管理プログラムにおける標準化学療法結果に与える影響に関する大規模なデータは限られている.
研究 の 目的:
- グローバル薬物耐性監視プロジェクトに登録された結核患者の標準的なファーストライン短期化学療法の有効性を評価する.
- 薬剤耐性パターンに関連した治療結果の評価.
主な方法:
- レトロスペクティブコホート研究は,ドミニカ共和国,香港,イタリア,ロシア連邦,韓国共和国,ペルーなど6カ国で実施されました.
- データには,1994年から1996年の間に標準的な第一線薬で治療された新規および再治療の結核症例が含まれています.
- 治療への反応は,WHOの結果基準に従って分類された.
主要な成果:
- 6402例の培養剤陽性結核患者のうち,新規結核患者の20.8%,再治療患者の44.5%が薬剤耐性を示し,多剤耐性結核の有意な割合も含まれています.
- 多剤耐性結核の症例は,感受性の症例と比較して,治療失敗率 (RR 15.4) と死亡率 (RR 3.73) が著しく高かった.
- 100%の直接観察でも,多剤耐性結核の症例は,著しく高い失敗率 (10%対0.7%) を示した.
結論:
- ファーストライン薬を用いた標準的な短期化学療法は,薬剤耐性結核の患者には不十分である.
- 直接観察された短期治療戦略は不可欠ですが,薬剤耐性結核の特定を加速し,セカンドライン薬を治療計画に組み込むために修正が必要です.
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