何が臨床研究を倫理的にするのか?
E J Emanuel1, D Wendler, C Grady
1Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center, Bldg 10, Room 1C118, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1156, USA.
JAMA
|May 20, 2000
まとめ
情報に基づく同意だけでは,倫理的な臨床研究を保証することはできません. 科学的妥当性,公正な対象選択を含む7つの要件からなる包括的な枠組みは,倫理的な研究慣行のために必要かつ十分である.
科学分野:
- バイオエシック バイオエシック
- 臨床研究の倫理について
- 人間対象者保護についてです.
背景:
- 臨床研究の倫理的実施は,医学知識の進歩と患者ケアの改善に極めて重要です.
- インフォームド・コンセントは,倫理的な研究の礎石として広く考えられていますが,その十分さについては議論されています.
- 既存の倫理規範と宣言は,ヒト被験者研究のための基本的原則を提供します.
研究 の 目的:
- 倫理的な臨床研究における情報に基づく同意の役割を批判的に評価する.
- 倫理的な臨床研究を確保するための7つの必須要件からなる包括的な枠組みを提案する.
- 人を対象とする研究研究の倫理的整合性を評価するための基準を確立する.
主な方法:
- 人体主体研究に関連する主要なコード,宣言,文書の基礎となる基礎哲学を分析する.
- 研究倫理評価のための7つの異なる要件を含む体系的な枠組みの開発.
- 価値,有効性,公正な選択,有利なリスク・利益バランス,独立した審査,情報に基づいた同意,被験者の尊重を保証する原則の統合.
主要な成果:
- 情報に基づく同意は,倫理的な臨床研究において,それだけでは必要でも十分でもない.
- 7つの要件からなるフレームワークが提案されています: 価値,科学的妥当性,公正な被験者選択,有利なリスク・利益比,独立した審査,情報に基づいた同意,被験者に対する尊重.
- 倫理的な臨床研究のために,すべての7つの要件を満たすことは,必要かつ十分なものとみなされます.
結論:
- 倫理的な臨床研究は,知的な同意を超えた全体的なアプローチを必要とし,七つの基本原則を網羅します.
- この7つの要件は,倫理的な研究慣行を評価し,保証するための普遍的な枠組みを提供します.
- これらの原則を特定の健康,経済,文化,技術的な文脈に適応させることは,グローバルな研究倫理にとって極めて重要です.
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