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関連する概念動画

Optimal Foraging00:48

Optimal Foraging

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How animals obtain and eat their food is called foraging behavior. Foraging can include searching for plants and hunting for prey and depends on the species and environment.
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Trophic Levels01:35

Trophic Levels

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All organisms in an ecosystem occupy a trophic level in the food chain. The lowest level consists of primary producers, which synthesize their food from either solar or chemical energy. Each subsequent level obtains energy from the levels below. Detritivores can occupy any of the levels above primary producers.
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Keystone Species01:39

Keystone Species

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Measures of species biodiversity, such as richness (i.e., the number of species present) and evenness (i.e., their relative abundance), describe an ecological community’s structure. Many factors affect community structure, including abiotic factors (e.g., sunlight and nutrients), disturbances (e.g., fire or flood), species interactions (e.g., predation or competition), and chance events (e.g., foreign species invasion). Certain species—such as keystone species—also play a...
25.4K
Predator-Prey Interactions02:39

Predator-Prey Interactions

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Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.
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Epiphytes, Parasites, and Carnivores02:40

Epiphytes, Parasites, and Carnivores

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Plants often form mutualistic relationships with soil-dwelling fungi or bacteria to enhance their roots’ nutrient uptake ability. Root-colonizing fungi (e.g., mycorrhizae) increase a plant’s root surface area, which promotes nutrient absorption. While root-colonizing, nitrogen-fixing bacteria (e.g., rhizobia) convert atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into ammonia (NH3), making nitrogen available to plants for various biological functions. For example, nitrogen is essential for the...
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Microbial Interactions: Predation01:28

Microbial Interactions: Predation

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Microbial predation refers to the process by which one microorganism kills and consumes another to obtain nutrients and energy. It encompasses both bacterial and protozoan predators. This interaction plays a crucial role in shaping microbial communities and regulating nutrient cycling.Bacterial Predators: Epibiotic vs. EndobioticBacterial predators are classified based on their mode of attack as either epibiotic or endobiotic. Epibiotic predators, such as Vampirococcus, attach to the surface of...
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Linking Predation Risk, Herbivore Physiological Stress and Microbial Decomposition of Plant Litter
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Linking Predation Risk, Herbivore Physiological Stress and Microbial Decomposition of Plant Litter

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レミングは獲物か捕食者か?

P Turchin1, L Oksanen, P Ekerholm

  • 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs 06269, USA. Peter.Turchin@UConn.edu

Nature
|June 13, 2000
PubMed
まとめ

ノルウェーのレミングの集団サイクルは,捕食者によって動かされるものではありません. 代わりに,レミングの集団ダイナミクスは,サイクリック・ヴォーラとは異なり,餌となる植物と相互作用し,捕食者として行動することを示唆しています.

科学分野:

  • エコロジー エコロジー エコロジー
  • 人口のダイナミクス
  • トロフィック相互作用 トロフィック相互作用

背景:

  • ノルウェーのレミング (Lemmus lemmus) の集団の大幅な振動は,長い間生態学者を魅了してきた.
  • これらのサイクルは,トロフィックメカニズム,特に食糧資源や捕食者との相互作用の結果であると仮定されています.

研究 の 目的:

  • レミングの集団サイクルは,獲物または捕食者の役割によって動かされているかどうかを判断する.
  • ピーク形分析を使用して,資源主導と捕食者主導の人口動態を区別する.

主な方法:

  • ノルウェーのレミング群の3つのデータセットに統計テストを適用した.
  • レミングのピークの形を,サイクリック・ヴォーラ (Myodes glareolus) の比較データと比較した.
  • 資源ピークが鈍い,消費ピークが鋭い理論モデルを使用しました.

主要な成果:

  • ツバメの集団のピークは,肉食動物が駆動するサイクルと一致する,ぼんやりとした丸い形を示した.
  • レンミング集団のピークは,鋭い角形の形を示し,消費者主導のダイナミクスと一致しました.
  • 発見は,レミングが食糧植物相互作用によって駆動される,その集団サイクルで捕食者として機能することを示している.

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関連する実験動画

Last Updated: Apr 14, 2026

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10:20

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Published on: March 12, 2013

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Assaying Predatory Feeding Behaviors in Pristionchus and Other Nematodes
06:27

Assaying Predatory Feeding Behaviors in Pristionchus and Other Nematodes

Published on: September 4, 2016

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A Real-Time Interactive System for Studying Confrontational Pursuit Behavior in Rodents
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結論:

  • レンミング集団のサイクルは,捕食によってではなく,食物植物との相互作用によって引き起こされる可能性が高い.
  • 単一のメカニズムがすべての周期性歯類のダイナミクスを説明するという仮説は,挑戦されています.
  • レンミングとヴォーレの集団動態は,異なるプライマリトロフィック相互作用によって規制されているようです.