エスケープミュータントは,デング熱の症例死亡率の急速な増加を,疫病の中で説明できるのでしょうか?
M G Guzmán1, G Kourí, S B Halstead
1Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Kouri, Havana, Cuba. lupe@ipk.sld.cu
Lancet (London, England)
|June 24, 2000
まとめ
デング熱の流行の間,重度のデング出血熱 (DHF) とデングショック症候群 (DSS) の症例の増加が観察されました. これは,以前のデング1ウイルスの免疫が,重度のデング2ウイルス感染症を強める可能性があることを示唆しています.
科学分野:
- ウイルス学 ウイルス学 ウイルス学
- エピデミオロジー エピデミオロジー
- 免疫学 免疫学とは
背景:
- 1981年と1997年にキューバで発生したデング熱ウイルスの発生は,重度のデング出血熱 (DHF) とデングショック症候群 (DSS) 症例の割合が増加したことを示した.
- デング熱とDHF/DSSの両方の症例死亡率は,これらの流行の間に増加しました.
研究 の 目的:
- キューバの流行の間,重度のデング熱症例と死亡率の観測された増加を説明するために.
- 第1型デング熱ウイルス感染症によるクロス反応性抗体の役割が,第2型デング熱ウイルス感染症の悪化に及ぼす影響を調査する.
主な方法:
- この研究は,キューバでのデング熱の流行から観測された疫学データに基づいた仮説を提唱しています.
- これは,デング熱ウイルスの血清型と宿主抗体応答の間の免疫学的相互作用を分析することを含む.
主要な成果:
- 主要デング熱1ウイルス感染症の抗体は,デング熱2ウイルスと交叉反応することがあります.
- これらの異型抗体は,以前に感染した個体における二次的なデング熱2ウイルス感染症を中和するどころか強化することができる.
- デング熱2ウイルスの株は,デング熱1免疫ホストで複製すると,中和を逃れることができ,その後の感染で重症な病気につながります.
結論:
- デング1ウイルスに対する免疫は,デング2ウイルスに感染すると,逆説的に重篤な疾患のリスクが増加する可能性があります.
- この現象は,原始抗原性罪または抗体依存強化として知られており,デング熱の流行の深刻化に寄与しています.
関連する概念動画
Viral Recombination
Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
Viral Mutations
A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material for adaptive...
Infection
When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
Steps in Outbreak Investigation
In the ever-evolving field of public health, statistical analysis serves as a cornerstone for understanding and managing disease outbreaks. By leveraging various statistical tools, health professionals can predict potential outbreaks, analyze ongoing situations, and devise effective responses to mitigate impact. For that to happen, there are a few possible stages of the analysis:
Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence
Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable temporal or...
Investigation of Disease Outbreaks
Multistate foodborne outbreaks pose significant public health risks and require meticulous investigation to identify sources and implement control measures. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) utilizes a dynamic seven-step process for these investigations, integrating data from laboratories, interviews, and environmental assessments to protect public health.Outbreak Detection: The detection of multistate outbreaks typically begins with PulseNet, the CDC's national laboratory...


