ポストシナプス翻訳は,神経筋結合の有効性と形態学に影響します
S J Sigrist1, P R Thiel, D F Reiff
1Friedrich-Miescher-Laboratorium der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Tübingen, Germany.
Nature
|July 13, 2000
まとめ
局所翻訳は,長期のシナプス可塑性を制御する. ドロソフィラでは,グルタミン酸受容体のサブユニットのサブシナプストランスレーションは,神経筋結節の成長と神経伝送の有効性を高め,神経の適応のための重要なメカニズムを明らかにします.
科学分野:
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
- 細胞生物学 細胞生物学
背景:
- 長期のシナプス可塑性には,神経回路の構造的変化が伴う.
- シナプスの局所翻訳は,活動に依存した形態学的変化に関与しています.
- これらの変化を制御するメカニズムは,ほとんど不明のままです.
研究 の 目的:
- 長期のシナプス可塑性における局所翻訳の役割を調査する.
- シナプスの活動制御された構造変化に関与する分子プレーヤーを特定する.
主な方法:
- モデルシステムとしてDrosophila melanogasterの幼虫の神経筋肉の接点を利用した.
- DGluR-IIA.のための翻訳成分とメッセンジャーRNAの局所化を調べました.
- 交差点の可塑性の遺伝子モデルと,操作された翻訳開始因子を採用した.
主要な成果:
- サブシナプス部内のトランスレーション機構とDGluR-IIA mRNAの大集積を特定しました.
- 遺伝子操作でサブシナプス翻訳集積の増加が観察されました.
- 合成後のDGluR-IIAタンパク質のレベルが上昇し,ファシクリンIIの発現が低下していることが示されています.
- 神経伝達効率の向上と交差点の大きさの増加を示した.
結論:
- 長期の交差点の可塑性のポストシナプス・トランスレーション・コントロールの証拠を提供した.
- シナプスの適応と機能における局所翻訳の重要性を強調した.
さらに関連する動画
12:18The Neuromuscular Junction: Measuring Synapse Size, Fragmentation and Changes in Synaptic Protein Density Using Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy
Published on: December 26, 2014
08:41Dissection of Single Skeletal Muscle Fibers for Immunofluorescent and Morphometric Analyses of Whole-Mount Neuromuscular Junctions
Published on: August 14, 2021
関連する概念動画
01:29Excitatory and Inhibitory Effects of Neurotransmitters
When an action potential reaches the presynaptic axon terminal, it releases neurotransmitters from the neuron into the synaptic cleft at a chemical synapse. The released neurotransmitter can be excitatory or inhibitory. The critical criteria commonly used to determine whether a molecule is a neurotransmitter at a chemical synapse are the molecule's presence in the presynaptic neuron. Second, its release is in response to strong presynaptic depolarization. And lastly, the presence of specific...
01:26Chemical Synapses
Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
01:26Neurochemical Transmission: Sites of Drug Action
Neurochemical transmission, the conduction of electrical impulses between neurons mediated by neurotransmitters, plays a vital role in various physiological processes. Autonomic drugs exert their effects by modulating neurotransmission within the autonomic nervous system. For instance, drugs such as hemicholinium block the precursor uptake necessary for synthesizing acetylcholine, an essential autonomic neurotransmitter. Following synthesis, neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles. Metyrosine...
01:29Neuromuscular Junction And Blockade
The site of chemical communication between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber is called the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). The end of the motor neuron at the NMJ divides into a cluster of synaptic end bulbs. The cytoplasm of these bulbs consists of synaptic vesicles enclosing acetylcholine molecules, the principal neurotransmitter released at the NMJ. The region opposite the synaptic bulb that ends in the muscle fiber is called the motor end plate, which has acetylcholine receptors. Within the...
01:19The Neuromuscular Junction
The nervous system consists of complex motor neuron circuits, including upper motor neurons originating from the cerebral cortex and lower motor neurons starting in the spinal cord, coordinating both voluntary and involuntary movements. Among these, somatic motor neurons activate skeletal muscles and are classified into alpha, beta, and gamma types. Alpha neurons are vital for voluntary movement coordination, while gamma neurons adjust muscle spindle sensitivity, and the function of beta...
01:26Chemical Synapses
Chemical synapses are specialized sites between two neurons or between a neuron and a non-neuronal cell like a muscle, glandular or sensory cell.
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...
Because chemical synapses depend on the release of neurotransmitter molecules from synaptic vesicles to pass on their signal, there is an approximately one millisecond delay between when the axon potential reaches the presynaptic terminal and when the neurotransmitter leads to opening of postsynaptic ion channels. Additionally, this signaling is...