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霊長類は,紛争解決の自然な遺産である
1Living Links, Center for the Advanced Study of Human and Ape Evolution, Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, and Psychology Department, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. dewaal@emory.edu
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|August 1, 2000
まとめ
攻撃性は,反社会的本能から交渉の道具へと進化しています. 霊長類に見られる社会的絆と和解行動は,協力社会における紛争の管理に役立ちます.
科学分野:
- 行動生態学 行動生態学
- 進化心理学の心理学について
- プリマトロジーは,霊長類学です.
背景:
- 伝統的見解では,攻撃性を単に反社会的なものとして捉えている.
- 新興の枠組みは,競争と交渉における攻撃の役割を強調しています.
- 進化の圧力により,社会的文脈における攻撃性の表現が形作られる.
研究 の 目的:
- 侵略に対する理解を改めること.
- 攻撃性の進化的制約を探求するため.
- 紛争管理のためのメカニズムとして和解行動を調べる.
主な方法:
- 侵略に関する理論的枠組みのレビュー.
- 非人間霊長類 (チンパンジーなど) の攻撃性と和解の比較分析.
- 進化の原理を人間の社会紛争に適用する.
主要な成果:
- 侵略は競争と交渉のツールとして機能する.
- 社会的関係と相互依存が,攻撃的表情を抑制する.
- 和解行動 (例えば,紛争後の抱擁) は,攻撃の破壊的な影響を軽減します.
- 霊長類の例は,攻撃性を管理するための進化したメカニズムを示しています.
結論:
- 攻撃性は,協力的な社会システムの中で規制された行動である.
- 攻撃性の表現は,社会的関係の価値に左右される.
- 霊長類の和解を理解することは,人間の攻撃性を管理するための洞察を提供します.
- 社会的構造は,紛争解決のための自然な制約とバランスを提供します.
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