グローバルな雷の活動と上部熱帯圏の水蒸気との関連に関する証拠
1Department of Geophysics and Planetary Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel. cprice@flash.tau.ac.il
Nature
|August 5, 2000
まとめ
グローバルな雷の活動は上層熱帯圏の水蒸気と相関しており,気候変動を追跡する新しい方法を提供します. 照明のモニタリング
科学分野:
- 大気科学 大気科学
- 気候科学 気候科学
- 地球システム科学 地球システム科学
背景:
- トロポスフィアの水蒸気は地球の気候にとって極めて重要であり,温室効果と大気化学に影響を与えます.
- トロポスフィアの上部の水蒸気は,気候フィードバックに有意だが不確実な影響を及ぼしている.
- トロポスフィアの上部の水蒸気の長期的グローバルモニタリングは困難です.
研究 の 目的:
- トロポスフィアの上部の水蒸気と地球規模の雷の活動との関係を調査する.
- 上層熱帯圏の水蒸気変動を推論するための新しい方法を探求する.
主な方法:
- トロポスフィアの上部の水蒸気変動と地球規模の雷の活動との相関の分析.
- 深いコンベクティブ雷雨,水蒸気輸送,雷の発生の間のリンクを利用します.
- シュマン共鳴を稲妻活動のプロキシとして検討する.
主要な成果:
- トロポスフィアの上部の水蒸気変動と地球規模の雷の活動との間に強い相関が見られました.
- 深いコンベクティブ雷雨は,この2つの現象を結びつける主なメカニズムとして特定されています.
- 雷によって誘発されるシュマン共鳴は,水蒸気変化を推測するために監視することができます.
結論:
- グローバルな雷の活動は,上層熱帯圏の水蒸気変動の信頼できるプロキシとして機能します.
- シュマン共鳴のモニタリングは,気候に関連する水蒸気変化を追跡するための費用対効果の高い方法を提供します.
- このアプローチは,気候変動プロセスに関する理解を深めることができます.
関連する概念動画
01:00The Water Cycle
23.1K
The Earth’s hydrosphere includes all of the areas where the storage and movement of water occurs. Since water is the basis of all living processes, the cycling of water is extremely important to ecosystem dynamics.
23.1K
02:39Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation
16.9K
The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase...
16.9K
02:34Vapor Pressure
30.3K
When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules move randomly about, they will occasionally collide with the surface of the condensed phase, and in some cases, these collisions will result in the molecules re-entering the condensed phase. The change from the gas phase to the liquid is called condensation. When the rate of condensation becomes equal to the rate of vaporization, neither the amount of the liquid nor the amount of the vapor...
30.3K
03:28Vapor Pressure Lowering
25.2K
The equilibrium vapor pressure of a liquid is the pressure exerted by its gaseous phase when vaporization and condensation are occurring at equal rates: Dissolving a nonvolatile substance in volatile liquid results in a lowering of the liquid’s vapor pressure. This phenomenon can be explained by considering the effect of added solute molecules on the liquid's vaporization and condensation processes. To vaporize, solvent molecules must be present at the surface of the solution. The...
25.2K
01:12Precipitation Processes
5.0K
The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
5.0K
01:26Influence of Earth's Curvature and Atmospheric Refraction on Leveling
1.3K
During leveling, the Earth's curvature and atmospheric refraction introduce deviations in the line of sight from a true horizontal reference. When the line of sight is leveled, it remains perpendicular to the plumb line only at a single point. Beyond this, it deviates due to the Earth’s curvature, represented by the correction C. For a sight distance D, the deviation can be derived using the relationship:This relationship shows that the deviation increases quadratically with distance.
1.3K