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Piaget's Stage 1 of Cognitive Development01:14

Piaget's Stage 1 of Cognitive Development

2.7K
The sensorimotor stage, the initial phase of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, spans the first two years of a child's life. During this period, infants actively engage with their surroundings, building cognitive awareness through direct interaction with the world. This interaction is primarily based on sensory perception and motor actions, allowing infants to gradually understand basic physical properties and predict how objects interact within their environment.
Exploration...
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Piaget's Stage 2 of Cognitive Development01:14

Piaget's Stage 2 of Cognitive Development

1.4K
The preoperational stage, the second of Jean Piaget's four stages of cognitive development, spans approximately ages 2 to 7 and is characterized by the emergence of symbolic thinking. During this stage, children use language, images, and symbols to represent objects and concepts, enabling them to engage in imaginative and pretend play. This symbolic thinking supports children's ability to perform make-believe actions, such as imagining a broom as a horse or their hand as a phone, blending...
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Piaget's Stage 3 of Cognitive Development01:17

Piaget's Stage 3 of Cognitive Development

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During Piaget's concrete operational stage, from ages 7 to 11, children exhibit a marked increase in logical thinking skills, specifically in relation to tangible, real-world events. This stage is characterized by the development of several essential cognitive concepts, including conservation, reversibility, and classification, all of which support the child's evolving capacity for structured thought.
Conservation and Constancy of Quantity
A significant cognitive milestone in the...
1.5K
Piaget's Stage 4 of Cognitive Development01:19

Piaget's Stage 4 of Cognitive Development

1.2K
The formal operational stage, as described in Piaget's cognitive development theory, begins around age 11 and extends into adulthood. It marks the emergence of advanced cognitive abilities that differentiate adolescent and adult thinking from those of younger children. This stage is characterized by abstract reasoning, hypothetical-deductive reasoning, and a more complex understanding of self and others.
Abstract Reasoning and Hypothetical-Deductive Thinking
Unlike the concrete operational...
1.2K
Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

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Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
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Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition01:24

Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition

470
A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are...
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Author Spotlight: Rehabilitation of Stroke Patients With a Digital Occupational Training System
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フォンタン手術後の認知の発達

G Wernovsky1, K M Stiles, K Gauvreau

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. wernovsky@email.chop.edu

Circulation
|August 23, 2000
PubMed
まとめ
この要約は機械生成です。

フォントン手術の患者の認知および学術的な結果は,一般的には正常な範囲内ですが,コホートは一般的な集団よりも低いパフォーマンスをしています. ハイポプラスティック左心症候群のような危険因子は,神経発達の結果に影響します.

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科学分野:

  • ペディアトリック・カルディオロジー
  • 神経発達小児科 神経発達小児科
  • 生まれながらの心臓病の研究

背景:

  • 単一心室の生理学を持つ患者は,中枢神経系 (CNS) の損傷のリスクが高まります.
  • これらのリスクは,手術前およびフォントン手術後の両方とも存在します.

研究 の 目的:

  • フォントン手術を受けた個人の長期的認知機能と学術的機能を評価する.
  • この患者集団における神経発達障害に関連するリスク要因を特定する.

主な方法:

  • 標準化された知能分数 (IQ) と業績テストを含むコホート研究.
  • チャートレビューと患者アンケートを使用して,過去の臨床データを収集しました.
  • 認知能力と学業成績に関連する要因を特定するために,統計分析が行われました.

主要な成果:

  • コーホートの平均フルスケールIQ (95.7) と複合業績スコア (91.6) は,一般人口よりも低かった.
  • 低IQは,フォンタン前に循環停止,低プラスティ性左心症候群,肺動脈帯状症候群と関連していました.
  • 低達成度スコアは,低プラスティック左心症候群,複雑な診断,前回の循環停止,心肺バイパスによる早期再手術と関連していました.

結論:

  • フォントン手術で緩和された多くの個人は,正常な認知機能と学術機能を示すが,コホートの全体的なパフォーマンスは,一般の人々と比較して減少している.
  • 特定の既にある疾患や手術前後の要因は,単心室患者における神経発達の結果に大きく影響します.