過酸化水素によって活性化されたカルシウムチャネルは,ガード細胞のアブシシ酸シグナル伝達を媒介する
1Division of Biology, Cell and Developmental Biology, and Center for Molecular Genetics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0116, USA.
Nature
|August 30, 2000
まとめ
植物は干ばつ時に胃を閉じるためにアブシシ酸 (ABA) を使用します. 過酸化水素 (H2O2) は,ガード細胞のカルシウムチャネルを活性化し,この重要な干ばつ反応を媒介します.
科学分野:
- 植物生理学 植物生理学
- 分子生物学は分子生物学である.
- バイオケミストリー バイオケミストリー
背景:
- 干ばつによるストレスが,世界の農業生産性に大きな影響を及ぼしています.
- アブシシ酸 (ABA) は,ストマタル閉塞を誘発することによって,干ばつ耐性を調節する重要な植物ホルモンです.
- ABA誘発のカルシウム流入と,ガード細胞におけるプラズマ膜チャネル活性化の正確なメカニズムは,まだ完全に理解されていません.
研究 の 目的:
- ABA媒介による口腔閉塞における過酸化水素 (H2O2) の役割を調査する.
- 植物保護細胞のH2O2活性化されたカルシウムチャネルを特定し,特徴づけること.
- ABAの知覚とカルシウムの流入を結びつける上流のシグナルイベントを解明する.
主な方法:
- アラビドプシスのガード細胞原生体におけるCa2+電流を記録するためのパッチクランプ電気生理学.
- カルシウム画像を用いて,無傷のガード細胞における細胞塩酸カルシウム ([Ca2+]cyt) の測定.
- ABAおよびH2O2治療に対する反応として口腔の開口部分析.
- ABA無感の変異体gca2を用いた遺伝分析.
主要な成果:
- 過酸化水素 (H2O2) は,アラビドプシスの守護細胞のプラズマ膜にあるCa2+透過性チャネルを直接活性化します.
- これらのH2O2活性化チャネルは,原生体へのCa2+の流入を媒介し,無傷のガード細胞における[Ca2+]細胞を上昇させます.
- ABA治療は,ガード細胞におけるH2O2の産生を刺激し,この産生を阻害すると,ABA誘発の口腔閉塞を抑制する.
- ABAとH2O2が誘発する口腔閉塞と経路活性化は,gca2変異体において障害がある.
結論:
- 干ばつ中のABA誘発の口腔閉塞は,ガードセルでH2O2の生成を伴う.
- H2O2は,プラズマ膜のカルシウムチャネルを活性化する重要なシグナル分子の役割を果たします.
- これらのH2O2活性化されたカルシウムチャネルは,植物における干ばつ耐性に対するABAシグナル伝達経路の重要な構成要素である.
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