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Global Climate Change01:50

Global Climate Change

Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
What is Natural Selection?01:32

What is Natural Selection?

Natural selection is an evolutionary process in which individuals with survival-promoting traits reproduce at higher rates. These favorable traits become more common within a population or species. Naturally selected traits initially arise via random genetic mutations. In order for selection to occur, there must be variation within a population, the trait controlling the variation must be heritable, and there must be an evolutionary advantage for variation in the trait.The Theory of Natural...
Variation in Acceleration due to Gravity near the Earth's Surface01:20

Variation in Acceleration due to Gravity near the Earth's Surface

An object's apparent weight is its weight measured by a spring balance at its location. It is different from its true weight, the force with which the Earth pulls it, because of the Earth's rotation. Mathematically, an object's apparent weight equals its true weight minus the centripetal force that keeps it in a circular motion along with the Earth's surface every 24 hours.
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Precipitation Gravimetry01:03

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Precipitation gravimetry is based on converting an analyte into a sparingly soluble precipitate, which is separated by filtration and weighed. An ideal precipitate should be pure, insoluble, of known composition, and easily filtered from the reaction mixture.
In determining nickel by gravimetric analysis, a precipitant of ethanolic dimethylglyoxime is added to a hot nickel salt solution. This is quickly followed by the dropwise addition of dilute ammonia solution until precipitation occurs. A...
Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
Average Value on a Rectangle01:27

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A snowfall map can represent how snow depth varies across a region, such as Colorado, over a fixed time period. Since different locations may receive different amounts of snow, the snowfall depth is described by a function of two variables. If f(x,y) represents the snow depth at a point in a rectangular region, then the average snowfall over the entire region is found by comparing the total accumulated snowfall with the area being measured.Total Snowfall over a RegionThe total snowfall over a...

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関連する実験動画

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Measuring and Mapping Patterns of Soil Erosion and Deposition Related to Soil Carbonate Concentrations Under Agricultural Management
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グリーンランドの氷床の上昇の変化は,主に雪の積もりの変動に起因する.

McConnell1, Arthern, Mosley-Thompson

  • 1Desert Research Institute, University & Community College System of Nevada, Reno 89512, USA. jmcconn@dri.edu

Nature
|September 6, 2000
PubMed
まとめ

グリーンランドの氷床の標高の変化は,1978年から1988年の間,雪の蓄積の変動によって引き起こされ,自然気候の変動を超えなかった. 氷床の上昇と雪の蓄積の長期的なモニタリングは,質量の変化を理解するために不可欠です.

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科学分野:

  • 氷河学 氷河学とは
  • 気候科学 気候科学
  • 地球システム科学 地球システム科学

背景:

  • 気候変動に対する氷床の反応は,将来の海面上昇に大きく影響を与えます.
  • 衛星データは,グリーンランドの氷床の標高の空間的変動を明らかにしているが,地質物理学的プロセスは不明のままである.
  • 氷床の最近の変化と自然の変化を区別することが不可欠です.

研究 の 目的:

  • 1978-88年の間,グリーンランドの南部の氷床の標高の変化を測定するために.
  • 観測された標高変化に起因する地球物理学的プロセスを特定する.
  • 最近の変化がグリーンランドの自然気候の変動に該当するかどうかを評価する.

主な方法:

  • 物理的モデルをベースにした火山の密集化モデルを使用した.
  • 12つの高地の氷芯から得られたデータを用いて,年間積雪量を再構築した.
  • モデル化された標高の変化を,同時期の衛星測定値と比較した.

主要な成果:

  • モデル化された蓄積による高層の変化は,1978-88年の衛星観測と密接に一致しました.
  • 観測された標高の変化は,積雪の変動に起因している.
  • より長い氷芯の分析は,グリーンランド氷床の自然な境界内の典型的な変動を示した.

結論:

  • 積雪の変動性は,1978年から1988年の10年間におけるグリーンランドの氷床の上昇の変化の主な要因でした.
  • 観測された変化は,氷床の長期的な自然な変動性の中にありました.
  • 総合的な質量バランス評価のために,氷床の表面の上昇と雪の蓄積の統合された長期測定が必要である.