ベースディオマイセツにおけるエクトミコリザル共生の進化的不安定性
D S Hibbett1, L B Gilbert, M J Donoghue
1Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. dhibbett@black.clarku.edu
Nature
|October 12, 2000
まとめ
菌根菌は,植物とキノコの共生的な関係で,自由に生活するキノコから何度も進化してきました. これらの重要な相互関係は進化的にダイナミックであり,しばしば非共生状態に戻ります.
科学分野:
- エコロジー エコロジー エコロジー
- 進化生物学の進化生物学について
- 菌類学 菌類学とは
背景:
- 菌根菌は,菌類と植物根の間の相互的共生を代表し,栄養交換に不可欠です.
- 以前の理論では,菌根菌は寄生虫の真菌から進化し,安定した関連性を持つと考えられていた.
- 菌根菌の進化史を理解することは,菌根菌の安定性を評価するための鍵です.
研究 の 目的:
- 菌根菌の独立した起源の数を決定する.
- 菌根関連の進化的安定性を評価する.
- 菌糸体と自由生活するホモバシジオミセツの系統遺伝関係を調査する.
主な方法:
- ホモバシジオミセト (キノコを形成する真菌) の系統遺伝分析.
- 菌根菌と自由生息する真菌の系統の比較.
- 進化の経路と移行の再構築.
主要な成果:
- 菌根の共生は,サパトロフィック (自由生活) 菌類の祖先から独立して何度も進化してきました.
- 菌根性から自由生活を営むライフスタイルへの多くの逆転が観察されました.
- 進化の歴史は,共生状態と自由生活状態の間の頻繁な移行を示しています.
結論:
- 菌根菌は進化的に静的ではなく,ダイナミックな関連です.
- 繰り返される起源と逆転は,菌根菌が進化的に不安定であることを示唆しています.
- 植物との真菌共生は,頻繁に利益と損失を伴う不安定な特徴です.
さらに関連する動画
関連する概念動画
02:30Stability of Substituted Cyclohexanes
13.4K
This lesson discusses the stability of substituted cyclohexanes with a focus on energies of various conformers and the effect of 1,3-diaxial interactions.
The two chair conformations of cyclohexanes undergo rapid interconversion at room temperature. Both forms have identical energies and stabilities, each comprising equal amounts of the equilibrium mixture. Replacing a hydrogen atom with a functional group makes the two conformations energetically non-equivalent.
For example, in...
The two chair conformations of cyclohexanes undergo rapid interconversion at room temperature. Both forms have identical energies and stabilities, each comprising equal amounts of the equilibrium mixture. Replacing a hydrogen atom with a functional group makes the two conformations energetically non-equivalent.
For example, in...
13.4K
01:28Stability of Conjugated Dienes
3.4K
Introduction
A comparison of the enthalpies of hydrogenation of dienes reveals that conjugated dienes release less heat on hydrogenation, rendering them more stable than their nonconjugated analogs.
A comparison of the enthalpies of hydrogenation of dienes reveals that conjugated dienes release less heat on hydrogenation, rendering them more stable than their nonconjugated analogs.
3.4K
01:23Stability of Equilibrium Configuration
1.0K
Understanding the stability of equilibrium configurations is a fundamental part of mechanical engineering. In any system, there are three distinct types of equilibrium: stable, neutral, and unstable.
A stable equilibrium occurs when a system tends to return to its original position when given a small displacement, and the potential energy is at its minimum. An example of a stable equilibrium is when a cantilever beam is fixed at one end and a weight is attached to the other end. If the weight...
A stable equilibrium occurs when a system tends to return to its original position when given a small displacement, and the potential energy is at its minimum. An example of a stable equilibrium is when a cantilever beam is fixed at one end and a weight is attached to the other end. If the weight...
1.0K
01:09Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes
999
In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...
999
01:24Evolution of New Traits in Microbes
201
Microorganisms evolve rapidly due to their large population sizes and short generation times, often exhibiting measurable changes within days under laboratory conditions. Natural selection acts on standing genetic variation, enabling the retention and amplification of beneficial traits that confer fitness advantages in changing environments.Adaptive Pigment Regulation in RhodobacterIn Rhodobacter, a genus of purple non-sulfur bacteria, light-harvesting pigments such as bacteriochlorophyll and...
201
01:22Microbial Interactions: Parasitism
116
Parasitism is a form of microbial interaction in which parasitic microbes exploit a host organism for nutrients and shelter, often at the host's expense. Unlike mutualistic relationships, where both organisms benefit, parasitism benefits only the parasite and harms the host.Classification of ParasitesMicrobial parasites are broadly classified based on their location relative to the host.Ectoparasites remain on the host’s surface, such as the skin or outer tissues, drawing nutrients...
116