災害管理について. 極端な天候や気候に関する米国の政策
1Department of Geography, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA.
まとめ
気候と天候の極端な状態は,政府や保険部門にますます影響を及ぼしています. 米国の政策は,構造的防衛から社会的適応へと移行し,個人の責任と気候リスクに対する保険ソリューションを強調しています.
科学分野:
- 環境科学 環境科学
- 公共政策 公共政策 公共政策
- リスク管理 リスク管理
背景:
- 気候と極端な天候 (洪水,干ばつ,嵐) は,大きな課題をもたらします.
- これらの出来事は,政府の運営と保険業界に影響を及ぼします.
- 伝統的な構造的緩和アプローチは,ますます不十分である.
研究 の 目的:
- 気候と極端な天候に関する米国の政策転換を分析する.
- 国家政策における構造的アプローチから社会的なアプローチへの移行を検証する.
- 政府と保険業界への影響を理解する.
主な方法:
- 米国の国家戦略の政策分析.
- 極端な気候変動に対する政府と保険業界の対応のレビュー.
- 社会への適応と個人の責任への移行の検討.
主要な成果:
- 米国の政策は,構造的解決策 (ダム,堤防) から社会的な解決策へと移行しています.
- 危険な地域からの移転,建築法規,保険などに重点が置かれている.
- 連邦政府の救援援助政策は,個人の責任に焦点を当てて検討中です.
結論:
- 保険のような社会的適応とリスク移転メカニズムが,気候政策の核心となっている.
- 将来の米国の政策は,気候変動のリスクを管理するうえで,より大きな個人の責任が伴う可能性が高い.
- 保険業界は,気候や極端な天候に適応する上で重要な役割を果たしています.
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