地域的な脳容量の異常と,早産児における長期の認知的結果
B S Peterson1, B Vohr, L H Staib
1Yale Child Study Center, 230 S Frontage Rd, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. bradley.peterson@yale.edu
JAMA
|October 18, 2000
まとめ
胎児の早産は,特定の領域の脳の体積が小さくなり,認知発達に影響を及ぼします. 胎児におけるこれらの脳の構造の違いは,IQの低いスコアと相関しています.
科学分野:
- 神経科学は神経科学である.
- 発達神経科学とは
- 小児神経学について
背景:
- 胎児はしばしば長期にわたる認知および行動上の問題を経験します.
- 早期出産によるストレスが脳の成熟と構造に与える影響は,十分に理解されていません.
- 脳構造の異常は,早産児の認知障害に寄与する可能性があります.
研究 の 目的:
- 期限までに生まれた子どもと早産児の脳の地域容量を比較する.
- 早期出産児における地域的な脳容量と認知成果の関連性を調査する.
主な方法:
- 25人の8歳の早産児と39人の受精児を対象としたケース・コントロール研究.
- 構造磁気共鳴画像 (MRI) を使用して,さまざまな脳の領域の量を測定しました.
- 地域的な脳容量は,認知的測定値と生理周期の変数と相関していた.
主要な成果:
- 胎児は,皮質の体積が,特に感覚運動領域と前運動領域において,著しく減少したことを示した.
- 大きくなった心室と小さな体積は,早産児の小脳,基礎性ガンジア,桃体,海馬,および身体カロッサムで観察されました.
- センサーモーターとミッドテンポラル皮質のボリュームが小さくなることは,早産児のIQスコアが低いことと関連していました.
結論:
- 早期出産は,地域特有の,長期にわたる脳容量の減少と関連しています.
- 早産児の形態学的脳異常は,認知能力の低下と相関している.
- これらの発見は,早産が脳の発達と機能に与える永続的な影響を強調しています.
関連する概念動画
Long-term Depression
Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over time, all...
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
If over time, all...
Teratogenicity
The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory
Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or playing an...
Neuroplasticity
Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
Biological Influences on Intelligence
Intelligence is often thought to be linked to brain size, but the relationship is more complex than that. While brain size does correlate modestly with some abilities, like verbal skills, the connection is weaker for others, such as spatial reasoning. Other factors, like brain structure, also play crucial roles. For instance, despite Einstein's smaller-than-average brain, his parietal cortex, which is involved in spatial reasoning, was 15% wider, suggesting that neural density might matter more...
Hepatic Encephalopathy
DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic shunting—including...


