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米国の大学における教員の利害相反に関する政策
M K Cho1, R Shohara, A Schissel
1Stanford University Center for Biomedical Ethics, 701 Welch Rd, Suite 1105, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA. micho@leland.stanford.edu
JAMA
|November 1, 2000
まとめ
米国の主要研究機関における教員の利害相反に関する政策は,幅広く異なり,しばしば特異性が欠けている. 学術的な誠実さを維持し,混乱を回避するために,より明確で標準化された利益相反のポリシーが必要です.
科学分野:
- 生物医学研究の倫理学
- 学術界と産業界の関係
- 利益相反の管理に関すること.
背景:
- 連邦政府の資金による研究における教員の利害相反については,連邦法規制があります.
- 学術界と産業界の結びつきは広く存在し,経済的な考慮が研究に偏見をもたらす可能性がある.
- 臨床研究の企業スポンサーにおける研究者の金銭的利益に対する公衆の注視は増加している.
研究 の 目的:
- 米国の主要生物医学研究機関における利益相反政策の検討と分析を行う.
- 学術界と産業界の関係に関する既存の政策の特異性と範囲を評価する.
主な方法:
- 利害対立政策の横断的な調査と内容分析.
- 1998年8月から2000年2月にかけて実施された研究.
- NIHが資金提供している米国のトップ100の機関のうち89の機関の方針は,開示,レビュー,管理プロセスについて分析されました.
主要な成果:
- 利益の衝突に関する政策の内容は,各機関によって大きく異なっています.
- 情報の開示に関する要求は様々で,全教員の開示を義務付ける方針の55%しかなかった.
- 財政的利益 (19%),出版の遅延 (12%) または学生の関与 (4%) に対する制限を規定した政策はほとんどありませんでした.
結論:
- ほとんどの政策では,産業との許容される関係や禁止される関係に関する具体的なガイドラインが欠けている.
- 政策管理の多様性は,産業パートナーに混乱を引き起こし,学術基準を損なう可能性があります.
- 明確で具体的で広く合意された利害対立政策を策定することは,制度の健全性にとって極めて重要です.
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